Spaces of the Ear: Literature, Media, and the Science of Sound, 1870-1930

Spaces of the Ear examines the concomitant emergence of new forms of acoustical embodiment across the diverse fields of literature and science in the historical period beginning with the Franco-Prussian War and ending with the introduction of early information theory in the late 1920s. In opposition to popular accounts of changes in listening practices around 1900, which typically take the disembodied voices of new media such as the phonograph and radio as true markers of acoustical modernity, the dissertation emphasizes the proliferation of new modes of embodied listening made possible by the explosion of urban and industrial noise, contemporary media technologies, the threat of auditory surveillance, and the imposition of self-observational and self-disciplinary practices as constitutive of artistic, scientific, and everyday life. In doing so, I show how distinct elements of modern soundscapes and corresponding techniques of listening informed both the key thematic and formal elements of literary modernism. In particular, I argue that modernism's often-cited narrative self-reflexivity drew on conceptions of a uniquely embodied listener and the newfound audibility of the body, and overlapped with contemporaneous scientific knowledge surrounding the physiology of the ear and the role of the body in the perception of sound. Chapter 1 focuses on the role of non-literary discourse on urban noise and the cacophony of the modern battlefield in formal developments central to late nineteenth-century literary aesthetics, taking the largely forgotten Austrian impressionist Peter Altenberg as my primary case study. In Chapter 2 I analyze the ways in which Franz Kafka appropriated elements of the modern soundscape and, in particular, ontological disorders common to the factory worker, in conceptualizing the mechanisms of the modern legal system and its epistemological and perceptual effects on its subjects. Chapter 3 again focuses on works by Kafka, this time juxtaposing scientific practices of self-observation within acoustical research with Kafka's literal and metaphorical figurations of self-auscultation and its function as a narrative strategy in "The Burrow" (1923/24). Chapters 4 and 5 sketch out a competing conception of hearing within Gestalt psychology, early stereophonic sound experiments, and literary texts by Robert Musil, which portray the modern listener as surprisingly active and confident in deciphering and navigating an increasingly complex auditory environment. In the process, the site of acoustical embodiment is displaced from the side of the subject to that of the object, engendering notions of "auditory things (Hördinge)" with physical, corporeal properties, which can be traced through space as three-dimensional entities. In the final chapter, I situate the effacement of the listener's body and simultaneous foregrounding of `auditory things' in Musil's novella, "The Blackbird (1928), against the backdrop of early information theory and non-corporeal notions of Rauschen (noise, rustling, static)

Processus de contagion sur réseaux complexes au-delà des interactions dyadiques

Alors que la pandémie de COVID-19 affecte le monde depuis presque deux ans, il va sans dire qu'une meilleure compréhension des processus de contagion, de leur évolution et des effets des mesures de contrôle est essentielle pour réduire leur impact sur la société. Le cadre théorique pour la modélisation des processus de contagion est très général et permet, bien entendu, de décrire la propagation des maladies infectieuses causées par des agents pathogènes (virus, bactéries, parasites, etc.), mais aussi la propagation des rumeurs et de la désinformation. Peu importe la nature du processus, la transmission s'effectue de proche en proche grâce aux interactions entre les individus. Par conséquent, la structure sociale complexe des populations, qui n'est ni parfaitement ordonnée, ni complètement aléatoire, joue un rôle de premier plan. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les processus de contagion sur réseaux, où les individus et les interactions entre ces individus sont représentés par des nœuds et des liens respectivement. Nous utilisons une approche théorique principalement basée sur la physique statistique et la dynamique non linéaire. Nous nous concentrons plus spécifiquement sur les réseaux d'ordre supérieur, lesquels mettent les interactions de groupe à l'avant-plan. Notre analyse va donc au-delà des interactions dyadiques. Bien plus qu'une reformulation mathématique de la structure, cette perspective est primordiale pour obtenir une compréhension plus complète de la phénoménologie des processus de contagion. Nous démontrons l'importance des interactions de groupe à l'aide de trois résultats principaux. D'abord, nous caractérisons un phénomène de localisation mésoscopique : pour certaines structures hétérogènes, la propagation persiste uniquement dans les groupes de grande taille. Ce phénomène a notamment une incidence sur l'effet des mesures de contrôle visant à prohiber les regroupements au-delà d'une certaine taille, à l'instar de ce qui fut instauré pour endiguer la pandémie de COVID-19. Ensuite, nous étudions un modèle où les individus doivent accumuler une dose infectieuse minimale pour devenir infectés. Nous montrons qu'une structure d'ordre supérieur et des temps d'exposition hétérogènes induisent une probabilité d'infection non linéaire universelle. L'épidémie résultante peut alors croître de manière super-exponentielle en fonction du temps. Finalement, nous poussons plus en profondeur l'analyse des processus de contagion non linéaire. Dans ce contexte, nous montrons que les groupes peuvent avoir plus d'importance que les individus ultra-connectés pour qu'une épidémie ou un phénomène social envahissent le plus rapidement possible une population.After almost two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, it is clear that a better understanding of contagion processes, their evolution, and the impact of control measures is essential to reduce their burden on society. The theoretical framework for the modeling of contagion is quite general. It can describe the spread of pathogens causing diseases (viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc.), but also the spread of rumors and disinformation. Irrespective of the nature of the underlying process, the contagion evolves through local interactions between the individuals. Consequently, the complex social structure of populations, which is neither perfectly ordered nor completely random, plays a fundamental role in shaping spreading. In this thesis, we study contagion processes on networks where individuals and the interaction between them are represented by nodes and edges respectively. We use a theoretical approach based on statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics. We focus on higher-order networks, putting group interactions beyond pairwise interactions at the forefront. More than a mere mathematical generalization, we find this perspective is paramount to obtain a complete picture of the phenomenology of contagion dynamics. We demonstrate the importance of group interactions through three principal results. First, we characterize a mesoscopic localization phenomenon where the contagion thrives only in large groups for certain types of heterogeneous structure. This phenomenon significantly affects the results of interventions like the cancelation of events larger than a critical size, similar to the measures being used to limit the spreading of COVID-19. Second, we study a model where individuals must accumulate a minimal infective dose to become infected. We show that a higher-order structure and heterogeneous exposure induce a universal nonlinear infection probability. The epidemic size can then grow super-exponentially with time. Finally, with a more in-depth analysis of nonlinear contagions, we show that groups can be more influential than hubs (super-connected individuals) to maximize the early spread of an epidemic

Network localization is unalterable by infections in bursts

To shed light on the disease localization phenomenon, we study a bursty susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model and analyze the model under the mean-field approximation. In the bursty SIS model, the infected nodes infect all their neighbors periodically, and the near-threshold steady-state prevalence is non-constant and maximized by a factor equal to the largest eigenvalue λ1 of the adjacency matrix of the network. We show that the maximum near-threshold prevalence of the bursty SIS process on a localized network tends to zero even if λ1 diverges in the thermodynamic limit, which indicates that the burst of infection cannot turn a localized spreading into a delocalized spreading. Our result is evaluated both on synthetic and real networks

Network localization is unalterable by infections in bursts

To shed light on the disease localization phenomenon, we study a bursty susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model and analyze the model under the mean-field approximation. In the bursty SIS model, the infected nodes infect all their neighbors periodically, and the near-threshold steady-state prevalence is non-constant and maximized by a factor equal to the largest eigenvalue λ1 of the adjacency matrix of the network. We show that the maximum near-threshold prevalence of the bursty SIS process on a localized network tends to zero even if λ1 diverges in the thermodynamic limit, which indicates that the burst of infection cannot turn a localized spreading into a delocalized spreading. Our result is evaluated both on synthetic and real networks.Accepted author manuscriptNetwork Architectures and Service

Systematic Approaches for Telemedicine and Data Coordination for COVID-19 in Baja California, Mexico

Conference proceedings info: ICICT 2023: 2023 The 6th International Conference on Information and Computer Technologies Raleigh, HI, United States, March 24-26, 2023 Pages 529-542We provide a model for systematic implementation of telemedicine within a large evaluation center for COVID-19 in the area of Baja California, Mexico. Our model is based on human-centric design factors and cross disciplinary collaborations for scalable data-driven enablement of smartphone, cellular, and video Teleconsul-tation technologies to link hospitals, clinics, and emergency medical services for point-of-care assessments of COVID testing, and for subsequent treatment and quar-antine decisions. A multidisciplinary team was rapidly created, in cooperation with different institutions, including: the Autonomous University of Baja California, the Ministry of Health, the Command, Communication and Computer Control Center of the Ministry of the State of Baja California (C4), Colleges of Medicine, and the College of Psychologists. Our objective is to provide information to the public and to evaluate COVID-19 in real time and to track, regional, municipal, and state-wide data in real time that informs supply chains and resource allocation with the anticipation of a surge in COVID-19 cases. RESUMEN Proporcionamos un modelo para la implementación sistemática de la telemedicina dentro de un gran centro de evaluación de COVID-19 en el área de Baja California, México. Nuestro modelo se basa en factores de diseño centrados en el ser humano y colaboraciones interdisciplinarias para la habilitación escalable basada en datos de tecnologías de teleconsulta de teléfonos inteligentes, celulares y video para vincular hospitales, clínicas y servicios médicos de emergencia para evaluaciones de COVID en el punto de atención. pruebas, y para el tratamiento posterior y decisiones de cuarentena. Rápidamente se creó un equipo multidisciplinario, en cooperación con diferentes instituciones, entre ellas: la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, la Secretaría de Salud, el Centro de Comando, Comunicaciones y Control Informático. de la Secretaría del Estado de Baja California (C4), Facultades de Medicina y Colegio de Psicólogos. Nuestro objetivo es proporcionar información al público y evaluar COVID-19 en tiempo real y rastrear datos regionales, municipales y estatales en tiempo real que informan las cadenas de suministro y la asignación de recursos con la anticipación de un aumento de COVID-19. 19 casos.ICICT 2023: 2023 The 6th International Conference on Information and Computer Technologieshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3236-

Creating Through Mind and Emotions

The texts presented in Proportion Harmonies and Identities (PHI) Creating Through Mind and Emotions were compiled to establish a multidisciplinary platform for presenting, interacting, and disseminating research. This platform also aims to foster the awareness and discussion on Creating Through Mind and Emotions, focusing on different visions relevant to Architecture, Arts and Humanities, Design and Social Sciences, and its importance and benefits for the sense of identity, both individual and communal. The idea of Creating Through Mind and Emotions has been a powerful motor for development since the Western Early Modern Age. Its theoretical and practical foundations have become the working tools of scientists, philosophers, and artists, who seek strategies and policies to accelerate the development process in different contexts

Европейский и национальный контексты в научных исследованиях

Polotsk State University. European and national dimension in research P.1 : HumanitiesTom 1. Predstavleny trudy molodyh uchenyh po gumanitarnym, social'nym i juridicheskim naukam, sportu i turizmu. = Т.1. Представлены труды молодых ученых по гуманитарным, социальным и юридическим наукам, спорту и туризму