Seriously, What Did One Robot Say to the Other? Being Left out From Communication by Robots Causes Feelings of Social Exclusion

While humans actually need some overt communication channel to transmit information, be it verbally or nonverbally, robots could use their network connection to transmit information quickly to other robots. This raises the question how this covert robot-robot communication is perceived by humans. The current study investigates how transparency about communication happening between two robots affects humans’ trust in and perception of these robots as well as their feeling of being included/excluded in the interaction. Three different robot-robot communication styles were analyzed: silent, robotic language, and natural language. Results show that when robots transmit information in a robotic language (beep sounds) this leads to lower trust and more feelings of social exclusion than in the silent (i.e., covert) or natural language conditions. Results support the notion that humans are over-sensitive to signs of ostracism which seems to be detected in this style of overt but nonhuman robot-robot communication

Validación de la Escala de Ansiedad ante los Robots en adultos argentinos

El presente estudio tuvo la finalidad de adaptar la Robot Anxiety Scale (RAS) de Nomura, Suzuki, Kanda y Kato (2006) en población general de Gran Buenos Aires y de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se constituyó una muestra intencional de 543 adultos de entre 18 y 45 años de edad (60% mujeres) que contestaron la escala en su versión española, una medida de ansiedad estado, otra de rasgo, una de depresión y otra de aprensión de la comunicación, así como algunas preguntas relativas a indicadores sociodemográficos. El análisis factorial arrojo un modelo bifactorial de ajuste adecuado CFI = 0’94 TLI = 0’91, RMSEA = 0’09 y SRMR = 0’09 a diferencia del modelo de tres factores de los autores. La consistencia interna fue satisfactoria devolviendo un α= 0’86 para la dimensión Características y un α= 0’84 para la dimensión de Comunicación-Discurso. El género y la edad introducían diferencias en los puntajes de la escala. Se halló validez concurrente de la escala con la ansiedad estado y rasgo. Las implicancias de los hallazgos se desarrollan en la discusión y se brindan explicaciones posibles de factores culturales que podrían explicar un modelo bifactorial.The aim of this study was to adapt the Robot Anxiety Scale (RAS) by Nomura, Suzuki, Kanda and Kato (2006) to the general population of Greater Buenos Aires and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. A purposive sample of 543 adults between 18 and 45 years of age (60% women) answered the Spanish version of the scale, a measure of state anxiety, a measure of trait anxiety, a measure of depression and a measure of communication apprehension, as well as some questions related to socio-demographic indicators. The factor analysis yielded a bifactor model of adequate fit CFI = 0.94 TLI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.09 and SRMR = 0.09, in contrast to the authors’ three-factor model. Internal consistency was satisfactory returning an α= 0’86 for the Characteristics dimension and an α= 0’84 for the Commu-nication-Discourse dimension. Gender and age introduced differences in the scale scores. Concurrent validity of the scale with state and trait anxiety was found. Implications of the findings are developed in the discussion and possible explanations of cultural factors that could explain a bifactorial model are provided

Validación de la Escala de Ansiedad ante los Robots en adultos argentinos

El presente estudio tuvo la finalidad de adaptar el Robot Anxiety Scale (RAS) de Nomura, Suzuki, Kanda y Kato (2006) en población general de Gran Buenos Aires y de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se constituyó una muestra intencional de 543 adultos de entre 18 y 45 años de edad (60% mujeres) que contestaron el Robot Anxiety Scale (RAS) en su versión española, una medida de ansiedad estado, otra de rasgo, una de depresión y otra de aprensión de la comunicación, como preguntas demográficas. El análisis factorial arrojo un modelo bifactorial de ajuste adecuado CFI = .94 TLI .91, RMSEA = .09 Y SRMR = .09 a diferencia del modelo de tres factores de los autores. La consistencia interna fue satisfactoria devolviendo un α= .86 para la dimensión Características y un α= .84 para la dimensión de Comunicación - discurso. El género y la edad introducían diferencias en los puntajes de la escala. Se halló validez concurrente de la escala con la ansiedad estado y rasgo. Las implicancias de los hallazgos se desarrollan en la discusión y se brindan explicaciones posibles de factores culturales que podrían explicar un modelo bifactorial.The aim of this study was to adapt the Robot Anxiety Scale (RAS) by Nomura, Suzuki, Kanda and Kato (2006) to the general population of Greater Buenos Aires and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. A purposive sample of 543 adults between 18 and 45 years of age (60% women) answered the Spanish version of the scale, a measure of state anxiety, a measure of trait anxiety, a measure of depression and a measure of communication apprehension, as well as some questions related to socio-demographic indicators. The factor analysis yielded a bifactor model of adequate fit CFI = 0.94 TLI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.09 and SRMR = 0.09, in contrast to the authors’ three-factor model. Internal consistency was satisfactory returning an α= 0’86 for the Characteristics dimension and an α= 0’84 for the Communication-Discourse dimension. Gender and age introduced differences in the scale scores. Concurrent validity of the scale with state and trait anxiety was found. Implications of the findings are developed in the discussion and possible explanations of cultural factors that could explain a bifactorial model are provided.Fil: González, Pablo Christian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa; ArgentinaFil: Resett, Santiago Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa; ArgentinaFil: González, Bárbara Noemí. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa; Argentin

Artificial Intelligence leadership : how trust and fairness perceptions impact turnover intentions through psychological safety

Artificial intelligence agent’s intervention in decision making at organizational environments has been increasing rapidly. These agents bring advantages in decision making due to their objectivity, efficiency, and superior capacity of information processing while lacking human weaknesses such as fatigue or self-interest. However, their perception by organizational employees might be less optimistic, as artificial intelligence leaders might be perceived as less fair and just. This dissertation intends to study the effects that this new type of leadership has on employees' turnover intentions, an important variable as high levels of voluntary turnover cause several losses for companies both in terms of cost increase and loss of talented human resources. Additionally, I propose the decrease in employee’s psychological safety to mediate this relationship. Finally, I propose a way to overcome this effect by manipulating the perceptions of trust and justice of these leaders, in order to try to counter the negative effect of non-human leadership. The results of this study revealed a significant effect of the leader agent on the employees' exit intentions as well as on their psychological safety, including as a mediator of the former. Regarding the moderation of trust and justice perceptions, the results showed that these testimonials have a direct effect on psychological safety, and an indirect one in turnover intentions through psychological safety.A intervenção de agentes de inteligência artificial na tomada de decisão em ambientes organizacionais tem aumentado rapidamente. Estes agentes trazem vantagens para a tomada de decisão devido à sua objetividade, eficiência e superior capacidade de processamento de informação, ao mesmo tempo que não possuem fragilidades humanas tais como fadiga ou interesses próprios. No entanto, a sua perceção por parte dos funcionários da organização pode ser menos otimista, pois os líderes de inteligência artificial podem ser vistos como menos justos e confiáveis. Esta dissertação pretende estudar os efeitos que este novo tipo de liderança tem sobre as intenções de saída dos funcionários, uma variável importante, já que altos níveis de rotatividade voluntária causam várias perdas para as empresas, tanto em termos de aumento de custos quanto de perda de recursos humanos talentosos. Além disso, proponho a diminuição da segurança psicológica dos funcionários para mediar esta relação. Por fim, proponho uma forma de superar esse efeito, manipulando as perceções de confiança e justiça desses líderes, a fim de tentar combater o efeito negativo de uma liderança não humana. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram um efeito significativo do agente de liderança nas intenções de saída dos funcionários e em sua segurança psicológica, inclusive como mediador do primeiro. No que se refere à moderação das perceções de confiança e justiça, os resultados mostraram que estes têm um efeito direto na segurança psicológica, e um efeito indireto nas intenções de saída através da segurança psicológica

Human-Machine Communication: Complete Volume. Volume 6

his is the complete volume of HMC Volume 6

KEER2022

Avanttítol: KEER2022. DiversitiesDescripció del recurs: 25 juliol 202

Language contact: Briding the gap between individual interactions and areal patterns

Contact linguistics is the overarching term for a highly diversified field with branches that connect to such widely divergent areas as historical linguistics, typology, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and grammatical theory. Because of this diversification, there is a risk of fragmentation and lack of interaction between the different subbranches of contact linguistics. Nevertheless, the different approaches share the general goal of accounting for the results of interacting linguistic systems. This common goal opens up possibilities for active communication, cooperation, and coordination between the different branches of contact linguistics. This book, therefore, explores the extent to which contact linguistics can be viewed as a coherent field, and whether the advances achieved in a particular subfield can be translated to others. In this way our aim is to encourage a boundary-free discussion between different types of specialists of contact linguistics, and to stimulate cross-pollination between them

Bridging the gap between individual interactions and areal patterns

Synopsis: Contact linguistics is the overarching term for a highly diversified field with branches that connect to such widely divergent areas as historical linguistics, typology, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and grammatical theory. Because of this diversification, there is a risk of fragmentation and lack of interaction between the different subbranches of contact linguistics. Nevertheless, the different approaches share the general goal of accounting for the results of interacting linguistic systems. This common goal opens up possibilities for active communication, cooperation, and coordination between the different branches of contact linguistics. This book, therefore, explores the extent to which contact linguistics can be viewed as a coherent field, and whether the advances achieved in a particular subfield can be translated to others. In this way our aim is to encourage a boundary-free discussion between different types of specialists of contact linguistics, and to stimulate cross-pollination between them