On applying the set covering model to reseeding

The Functional BIST approach is a rather new BIST technique based on exploiting embedded system functionality to generate deterministic test patterns during BIST. The approach takes advantages of two well-known testing techniques, the arithmetic BIST approach and the reseeding method. The main contribution of the present paper consists in formulating the problem of an optimal reseeding computation as an instance of the set covering problem. The proposed approach guarantees high flexibility, is applicable to different functional modules, and, in general, provides a more efficient test set encoding then previous techniques. In addition, the approach shorts the computation time and allows to better exploiting the tradeoff between area overhead and global test length as well as to deal with larger circuits

Analysis and design implementation using VHDL and NAND circuit for Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) for Low Power BIST

No Abstrac

Análise do crescimento e desempenho morfofisiológico de três cultivares de quinoa colombiana cultivadas em casa de vegetação

Quinoa (Amaranthaceae) é um pseudo-cereal nativo produzido em toda a zona sul-americana, onde é utilizada como alimento e alternativa promissora para o cultivo em áreas edafoclimáticas afetadas por fatores antrópicos e naturais. Entre os principais problemas que afetam a produção agrícola, inclui-se aqueles relacionados ao crescimento, desenvolvimento e produção, gerados por limitações de adaptabilidade de novas cultivares em áreas específicas. Por este motivo, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o crescimento e o comportamento morfológico das cultivares de quinoa Blanca Soracá (BS), Blanca Jericó (BT) e Tunkahuan (T). O estudo foi realizado na estufa da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade de Cauca (Colômbia) a 1880 m.a.n.m A análise permitiu reconhecer que as três cultivares de quinoa apresentam diferentes épocas de desenvolvimento fenológico até a colheita (138,25 ± 2,3 e 161 ± 1,1 dias). O número de folhas, a altura das plantas e o número de ramos mostram ajuste às equações de regressão sigmoidal (R2 0,99 – 0,98) para as cultivares BJ e T, enquanto o teor de clorofila total foi ajustado para comportamento cúbica (R2 0,90 – 0,89). As cultivares de quinoa expressam comportamentos produtivos associados a ciclos precoces e tardios, mostrando diferenças na produção e peso das sementes

Ultrashort laser pulses from optical parametric amplifiers and oscillators

[no abstract

GC Content Increased at CpG Flanking Positions of Fish Genes Compared with Sea Squirt Orthologs as a Mechanism for Reducing Impact of DNA Methylation

Background: Fractional DNA methylation in sea squirts evolved to global DNA methylation in fish. The impact of global DNA methylation is reflected by more CpG depletions and/or more A/T to G/C changes at CpG flanking positions due to context-dependent mutations of methylated CpG sites. Methods and Findings: In this report, we demonstrate that the sea squirt genes have undergone more CpG to TpG/CpA substitutions than the fish orthologs using homologous fragments from orthologous genes among Ciona intestinalis, Ciona savignyi, fugufish and zebrafish. To avoid premature transcription, the TGA sites derived from CGA were largely converted to TGG in sea squirt genes. By contrast, a significant increment of GC content at CpG flanking positions was shown in fish genes. The positively selected A/T to G/C substitutions, in combination with the CpG to TpG/CpA substitutions, are the sources of the extremely low CpG observed/expected ratios in vertebrates. The nonsynonymous substitutions caused by the GC content increase have resulted in frequent amino acid replacements in the directions that were not noticed previously. Conclusion: The increased GC content at CpG flanking positions can reduce CpG loss in fish genes and attenuate the impact of DNA methylation on CpG-containing codons, probably accounting for evolution towards vertebrates. © 2008 Wang, Leung.published_or_final_versio

Built-In Self-Test Quality Assessment Using Hardware Fault Emulation in FPGAs

This paper addresses the problem of test quality assessment, namely of BIST solutions, implemented in FPGA and/or in ASIC, through Hardware Fault Emulation (HFE). A novel HFE methodology and tool is proposed, that, using partial reconfiguration, efficiently measures the quality of the BIST solution. The proposed HFE methodology uses Look-Up Tables (LUTs) fault models and is performed using local partial reconfiguration for fault injection on Xilinx(TM) Virtex and/or Spartan FPGA components, with small binary files. For ASIC cores, HFE is used to validate test vector selection to achieve high fault coverage on the physical structure. The methodology is fully automated. Results on ISCAS benchmarks and on an ARM core show that HFE can be orders of magnitude faster than software fault simulation or fully reconfigurable hardware fault emulation

BIST test pattern generator based on partitioning circuit inputs

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-35).by Clara Sánchez.M.Eng