10 research outputs found

    Analyzing Cognitive Conceptualizations Using Interactive Visual Environments

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    Multiple Views: different meanings and collocated words

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    We report on an in‐depth corpus linguistic study on ‘multiple views’ terminology and word collocation. We take a broad interpretation of these terms, and explore the meaning and diversity of their use in visualisation literature. First we explore senses of the term ‘multiple views’ (e.g., ‘multiple views’ can mean juxtaposition, many viewport projections or several alternative opinions). Second, we investigate term popularity and frequency of occurrences, investigating usage of ‘multiple’ and ‘view’ (e.g., multiple views, multiple visualisations, multiple sets). Third, we investigate word collocations and terms that have a similar sense (e.g., multiple views, side‐by‐side, small multiples). We built and used several corpora, including a 6‐million‐word corpus of all IEEE Visualisation conference articles published in IEEE Transactions on Visualisation and Computer Graphics 2012 to 2017. We draw on our substantial experience from early work in coordinated and multiple views, and with collocation analysis develop several lists of terms. This research provides insight into term use, a reference for novice and expert authors in visualisation, and contributes a taxonomy of ‘multiple view’ terms

    Visual Event Cueing in Linked Spatiotemporal Data

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    abstract: The media disperses a large amount of information daily pertaining to political events social movements, and societal conflicts. Media pertaining to these topics, no matter the format of publication used, are framed a particular way. Framing is used not for just guiding audiences to desired beliefs, but also to fuel societal change or legitimize/delegitimize social movements. For this reason, tools that can help to clarify when changes in social discourse occur and identify their causes are of great use. This thesis presents a visual analytics framework that allows for the exploration and visualization of changes that occur in social climate with respect to space and time. Focusing on the links between data from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) and a streaming RSS news data set, users can be cued into interesting events enabling them to form and explore hypothesis. This visual analytics framework also focuses on improving intervention detection, allowing users to hypothesize about correlations between events and happiness levels, and supports collaborative analysis.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis Computer Science 201

    Supporting the sensemaking process in visual analytics

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    Visual analytics is the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces. It involves interactive exploration of data using visualizations and automated data analysis to gain insight, and to ultimately make better decisions. It aims to support the sensemaking process in which information is collected, organized and analyzed to form new knowledge and inform further action. Interactive visual exploration of the data can lead to many discoveries in terms of relations, patterns, outliers and so on. It is difficult for the human working memory to keep track of all findings during a visual analysis. Also, synthesis of many different findings and relations between those findings increase the information overload and thereby hinders the sensemaking process further. The central theme of this dissertation is How to support users in their sensemaking process during interactive exploration of data? To support the sensemaking process in visual analytics, we mainly focus on how to support users to capture, reuse, review, share, and present the key aspects of interest concerning the analysis process and the findings during interactive exploration of data. For this, we have developed generic models and tools that enable users to capture findings with provenance, and construct arguments; and to review, revise and share their visual analysis. First, we present a sensemaking framework for visual analytics that contains three linked views: a data view, a navigation view and a knowledge view for supporting the sense-making process. The data view offers interactive data visualization tools. The navigation view automatically captures the interaction history using a semantically rich action model and provides an overview of the analysis structure. The knowledge view is a basic graphics editor that helps users to record findings with provenance and to organize findings into claims using diagramming techniques. Users can exploit automatically captured interaction history and manually recorded findings to review and revise their visual analysis. Thus, the analysis process can be archived and shared with others for collaborative visual analysis. Secondly, we enable analysts to capture data selections as semantic zones during an analysis, and to reuse these zones on different subsets of data. We present a Select & Slice table that helps analysts to capture, manipulate, and reuse these zones more explicitly during exploratory data analysis. Users can reuse zones, combine zones, and compare and trace items of interest across different semantic zones and data slices. Finally, exploration overviews and searching techniques based on keywords, content similarity, and context helped analysts to develop awareness over the key aspects of the exploration concerning the analysis process and findings. On one hand, they can proactively search analysis processes and findings for reviewing purposes. On the other hand, they can use the system to discover implicit connections between findings and the current line of inquiry, and recommend these related findings during an interactive data exploration. We implemented the models and tools described in this dissertation in Aruvi and HARVEST. Using Aruvi and HARVEST, we studied the implications of these models on a user’s sensemaking process. We adopted the short-term and long-term case studies approach to study support offered by these tools for the sensemaking process. The observations of the case studies were used to evaluate the models

    Dynamische Erzeugung von Diagrammen aus standardisierten Geodatendiensten

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    Geodateninfrastrukturen (GDI) erfahren in den letzten Jahren immer weitere Verbreitung durch die Schaffung neuer Standards zum Austausch von Geodaten. Die vom Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), einem Zusammenschluss aus Forschungseinrichtungen und privaten Firmen, entwickelten offenen Beschreibungen von Dienste-Schnittstellen verbessern die InteroperabilitĂ€t in GDI. OGC-konforme Geodienste werden momentan hauptsĂ€chlich zur Aufnahme, Verwaltung, Prozessierung und Visualisierung von Geodaten verwendet. Durch das vermehrte Aufkommen von Geodiensten steigt die VerfĂŒgbarkeit von Geodaten. Gleichzeitig hĂ€lt der Trend zur Generierung immer grĂ¶ĂŸerer Datenmengen beispielsweise durch wissenschaftliche Simulationen an (Unwin et al., 2006). Dieser fĂŒhrt zu einem wachsenden Bedarf an FunktionalitĂ€t zur effektiven Exploration und Analyse von Geodaten, da komplexe ZusammenhĂ€nge in großen DatenbestĂ€nden untersucht und relevante Informationen heraus gefiltert werden mĂŒssen. Dazu angewendete Techniken werden im Forschungsfeld Visual Analytics (Visuelle Analyse) umfassend beschrieben. Die visuelle Analyse beschĂ€ftigt sich mit der Entwicklung von Werkzeugen und Techniken zur automatisierten Analyse und interaktiven Visualisierung zum VerstĂ€ndnis großer und komplexer DatensĂ€tze (Keim et al., 2008). Bei aktuellen Web-basierten Anwendungen zur Exploration und Analyse handelt es sich hauptsĂ€chlich um Client-Server-Systeme, die auf fest gekoppelten Datenbanken arbeiten. Mit den wachsenden FĂ€higkeiten von Geodateninfrastrukturen steigt das Interesse, FunktionalitĂ€ten zur Datenanalyse in einer GDI anzubieten. Das Zusammenspiel von bekannten Analysetechniken und etablierten Standards zur Verarbeitung von Geodaten kann dem Nutzer die Möglichkeit geben, in einer Webanwendung interaktiv auf ad hoc eingebundenen Geodaten zu arbeiten. Damit lassen sich mittels aktueller Technologien Einsichten in komplexe Daten gewinnen, ihnen zugrunde liegende ZusammenhĂ€nge verstehen und Aussagen zur EntscheidungsunterstĂŒtzung ableiten. In dieser Arbeit wird die Eignung der OGC WMS GetFeatureInfo-Operation zur Analyse raum-zeitlicher Geodaten in einer GDI untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der dynamischen Generierung von Diagrammen unter Nutzung externer Web Map Service (WMS) als Datenquellen. Nach der Besprechung von Grundlagen zur Datenmodellierung und GDIStandards, wird auf relevante Aspekte der Datenanalyse und Visualisierung von Diagrammen eingegangen. Die Aufstellung einer Task Taxonomie dient der Untersuchung, welche raumzeitlichen Analysen sich durch die GetFeatureInfo-Operation umsetzen lassen. Es erfolgt die Konzeption einer Systemarchitektur zur Umsetzung der Datenanalyse auf verteilten Geodaten. Zur Sicherstellung eines konsistenten und OGC-konformen Datenaustauschs zwischen den Systemkomponenenten, wird ein GML-Schema erarbeitet. Anschließend wird durch eine prototypischen Implementierung die Machbarkeit der Diagramm-basierten Analyse auf Klimasimulationsdaten des ECHAM5-Modells verifiziert.Spatial data infrastructures (SDI) have been subject to a widening dispersion in the last decade, through the development of standards for the exchange of geodata. The open descriptions of service interfaces, developed by the OGC, a consortium from research institutions and private sector companies, alter interoperability in SDI. Until now, OGC-conform geoservices are mainly utilised for the recording, management, processing and visualisation of geodata. Through the ongoing emergence of spatial data services there is a rise in the availability of geodata. At the same time, the trend of the generation of ever increasing amounts of data, e. g. by scientific simulation (Unwin et al., 2006), continues. By this, the need for capabilities to effectively explore and analyse geodata is growing. Complex relations in huge data need to be determined and relevant information extracted. Techniques, which are capable of this, are being described extensively by Visual Analytics. This field of research engages in the development of tools and techniques for automated analysis and interactive visualisation of huge and complex data (Keim et al., 2008). Current web-based applications for the exploration and analysis are usually established as Client-Server approaches, working on a tightly coupled data storage (see subsection 3.3). With the growing capabilities of SDI, there is an increasing interest in offering functionality for data analysis. The combination of widely used analysis techniques and well-established standards for the treatment of geodata may offer the possibility of working interactively on ad hoc integrated data. This will allow insights into large amounts of complex data, understand natural interrelations and derive knowledge for spatial decision support by the use of state-of-the-art technologies. In this paper, the capabilities of the OGC WMS GetFeatureInfo operation for the analysis of spatio-temporal geodata in a SDI are investigated. The main focus is on dynamic generation of diagrams by the use of distributed WMS as a data storage. After the review of basics in data modelling and SDI-standards, relevant aspects of data analysis and visualisation of diagrams are treated. The compilation of a task taxonomy aids in the determination of realisable spatio-temporal analysis tasks by use of the GetFeatureInfo operation. In the following, conceptual design of a multi-layered system architecture to accomplish data analysis on distributed datasets, is carried out. In response to one of the main issues, a GML-schema is developed to ensure consistent and OGC-conform data exchange among the system components. To verify the feasibility of integration of diagram-based analysis in a SDI, a system prototype is developed to explore ECHAM5 climate model data

    Kontextsensitive Informationsvisualisierung mit kompositen Rich Internet Applications fĂŒr Endnutzer

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    Das stetig wachsende Datenaufkommen - die weltweite Datenmenge verdoppelt sich alle zwei Jahre - ist eine wesentliche Herausforderung fĂŒr den Menschen in allen Bereichen des beruflichen und privaten Alltags. Um trotzdem relevante Informationen zu identifizieren und auch zu verstehen, nehmen Techniken und Anwendungen zur InfoVis einen immer grĂ¶ĂŸeren Stellenwert ein. Leider hat sich die Vision der "InfoVis for and by the masses" aufgrund des notwendigen Daten-, Visualisierungs- und Programmierwissens noch nicht durchgesetzt. Zudem sind heutige InfoVis-Softwareanbieter mit dem Problem konfrontiert, verschiedenste Kontexte, wie Nutzergruppen oder Hard- und Softwareplattformen, unterstĂŒtzen zu mĂŒssen. Ein möglicher Lösungsansatz fĂŒr dieses Problem ist das Paradigma der kompositen Webanwendungen. Auf deren Basis können Daten und UI-Widgets je nach Anwendungsfall teils automatisch kombiniert werden. Dies erhöht die Wiederverwendbarkeit und spart Zeit sowie Entwicklungskosten. Unter Zuhilfenahme von (semantischen) Modellen ist es zudem möglich, eine komposite RIA an die vorliegende Situation zu adaptieren. Um dem Endanwender Zugang zu den kompositen RIA zu verschaffen, mangelt es jedoch an einem Integrationsprozess, der den speziellen Anforderungen der InfoVis gerecht wird. Diese Dissertation stellt deshalb neue Konzepte fĂŒr einen ganzheitlichen Semantik-gestĂŒtzten InfoVis-Prozess vor, der bspw. die Endnutzer-gerechte Filterung großer DatensĂ€tze, die kontextsensitive Auswahl von InfoVis-Komponenten, die NutzerunterstĂŒtzung bei der Exploration und Interpretation der Daten sowie die Gewinnung und Wiederverwendung von Visualisierungswissen adressiert. Zur UnterstĂŒtzung des InfoVis-Prozesses werden weiterhin Konzepte fĂŒr eine formale Wissensbasis mit DomĂ€nenwissen vorgeschlagen. Die modulare, mit W3C-Standards prototypisch realisierte Visualisierungsontologie definiert u.a. Konzepte und Relationen zu Daten, graphischen Vokabular, menschlicher AktivitĂ€t sowie verĂ€nderliches Faktenwissen. Ein weiterer, wesentlicher Beitrag der Arbeit liegt in der Architekturkonzeption fĂŒr modellbasierte, komposite RIA fĂŒr die InfoVis-DomĂ€ne, womit ein neues Anwendungsfeld des Software-Paradigmas erschlossen wird. Damit steht nun erstmals fĂŒr eine komposite, webbasierte InfoVis-Lösung ein ganzheitliches Architekturkonzept zur VerfĂŒgung, das die AusfĂŒhrbarkeit der Anwendungen in der heute existierenden, heterogenen Landschaft der (mobilen) EndgerĂ€te gewĂ€hrleisten kann. Durch die Implementierung entscheidender Architekturkonzepte sowie einer beispielhaften InfoVis-Anwendung fĂŒr semantische Daten wurde die TragfĂ€higkeit der geschaffenen Konzepte nachgewiesen. Anhand einer Vielzahl von formativen sowie einer summativen Nutzerstudien konnte validiert werden, dass sich aus den neuen Konzepten Vorteile fĂŒr den Endanwender bei der Erstellung einer InfoVis ergeben

    Data navigation and visualization: navigating coordinated multiple views of data

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    The field of coordinated and multiple views (CMVs) has been for over a decade, a promising technique for enhancing data visualization, yet that promise remains unfulfilled. Current CMVs lack a platform for flexible execution of certain kinds of open-ended tasks consequently users’ are unable to achieve novel objectives. Navigation of data, though an important aspect of interactive visualization, has not generated the level of attention it should from the human computer interaction community. A number of frameworks for and categorization of navigation techniques exist, but further detailed studies are required to highlight the range of benefits improved navigation can achieve in the use of interactive tools such as CMVs.This thesis investigates the extent of support offered by CMVs to people navigating information spaces, in order to discover data, visualize these data and retrieve adequate information to achieve their goals. It also seeks to understand the basic principle of CMVs and how to apply its procedure to achieve successful navigation.Three empirical studies structured around the user’s goal as they navigate CMVs are presented here. The objective of the studies is to propose a simple, but strong, design procedure to support future development of CMVs. The approach involved a comparative analysis of qualitative and quantitative experiments comprising of categorised navigation tasks carried out, initially on existing CMVs and subsequently on CMVs which had been redesigned applying the proposed design procedure. The findings show that adequate information can be retrieved, with successful navigation and effective visualization achieved more easily and in less time, where metadata is provided alongside the relevant data within the CMVs to facilitate navigation. This dissertation thus proposes and evaluates a novel design procedure to aid development of more navigable CMVs

    Cognitive Foundations for Visual Analytics

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    In this report, we provide an overview of scientific/technical literature on information visualization and VA. Topics discussed include an update and overview of the extensive literature search conducted for this study, the nature and purpose of the field, major research thrusts, and scientific foundations. We review methodologies for evaluating and measuring the impact of VA technologies as well as taxonomies that have been proposed for various purposes to support the VA community. A cognitive science perspective underlies each of these discussions
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