TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ASSESSMENT USING THE INTEGRATION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION METHODS AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

The overall goal of this research is to develop methods and algorithms to investigate the severity of Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to estimate the intracranial pressure (ICP) level non-invasively. Brain x-ray computed tomography (CT) images and artificial intelligence methods are employed to estimate the level of ICP. Fully anisotropic complex wavelet transform features are proposed to extract directional textural features from brain images. Different feature selection and classification methods are tested to find the optimal feature vector and estimate the ICP using support vector regression. By using systematic feature extraction, selection and classification, promising results on ICP estimation are achieved. The results also indicate the reliability of the proposed algorithm. In the following, case-based finite element (FE) models are extracted from CT images using Matlab, Solidworks, and Ansys software tools. The ICP estimation obtained from image analysis is used as an input to the FE modeling to obtain stress/strain distribution over the tissue. Three in-plane modeling approaches are proposed to investigate the effect of ICP elevation on brain tissue stress/strain distribution. Moreover, the effect of intracranial bleeding on ICP elevation is studied in 2-D modeling. A mathematical relationship between the intracranial pressure and the maximum strain/stress over the brain tissue is obtained using linear regression method. In the following, a 3-D model is constructed using 3 slices of brain CT images. The effect of increased ICP on the tissue deformation is studied. The results show the proposed framework can accurately simulate the injury and provides an accurate ICP estimation non-invasively. The results from this study may be used as a base for developing a non-invasive procedure for evaluating ICP using FE methods

The Robust Classification of Hyperspectral Images Using Adaptive Wavelet Kernel Support Vector Data Description

Detection of targets in hyperspectral images is a specific case of one-class classification. It is particularly relevant in the area of remote sensing and has received considerable interest in the past few years. The thesis proposes the use of wavelet functions as kernels with Support Vector Data Description for target detection in hyperspectral images. Specifically, it proposes the Adaptive Wavelet Kernel Support Vector Data Description (AWK-SVDD) that learns the optimal wavelet function to be used given the target signature. The performance and computational requirements of AWK-SVDD is compared with that of existing methods and other wavelet functions. An introduction to target detection and target detection in the context of hyperspectral images is given. This thesis also includes an overview of the thesis and lists the contributions of the thesis. A brief mathematical background into one-class classification in reference to target detection is included. Also described are the existing methods and introduces essential concepts relevant to the proposed approach. The use of wavelet functions as kernels with Support Vector Data Description, the conditions for use of wavelet functions and the use of two functions in order to form the kernel are checked and analyzed. The proposed approach, AWKSVDD, is mathematically described. The details of the implementation and the results when applied to the Urban dataset of hyperspectral images with a random target signature are given. The results confirm the better performance of AWK-SVDD compared to conventional kernels, wavelet kernels and the two-function Morlet-Radial Basis Function kernel. The problems faced with convergence during the Support Vector Data Description optimization are discussed. The thesis concludes with the suggestions for future work

Optimized Kernel Extreme Learning Machine for Myoelectric Pattern Recognition

Myoelectric pattern recognition (MPR) is used to detect user’s intention to achieve a smooth interaction between human and machine. The performance of MPR is influenced by the features extracted and the classifier employed. A kernel extreme learning machine especially radial basis function extreme learning machine (RBF-ELM) has emerged as one of the potential classifiers for MPR. However, RBF-ELM should be optimized to work efficiently. This paper proposed an optimization of RBF-ELM parameters using hybridization of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a wavelet function. These proposed systems are employed to classify finger movements on the amputees and able-bodied subjects using electromyography signals. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the optimized RBF-ELM is 95.71% and 94.27% in the healthy subjects and the amputees, respectively. Meanwhile, the optimization using PSO only attained the average accuracy of 95.53 %, and 92.55 %, on the healthy subjects and the amputees, respectively. The experimental results also show that SW-RBF-ELM achieved the accuracy that is better than other well-known classifiers such as support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and k-nearest neighbor (kNN)

Invariant Scattering Transform for Medical Imaging

Invariant scattering transform introduces new area of research that merges the signal processing with deep learning for computer vision. Nowadays, Deep Learning algorithms are able to solve a variety of problems in medical sector. Medical images are used to detect diseases brain cancer or tumor, Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer, Parkinson's disease and many others. During pandemic back in 2020, machine learning and deep learning has played a critical role to detect COVID-19 which included mutation analysis, prediction, diagnosis and decision making. Medical images like X-ray, MRI known as magnetic resonance imaging, CT scans are used for detecting diseases. There is another method in deep learning for medical imaging which is scattering transform. It builds useful signal representation for image classification. It is a wavelet technique; which is impactful for medical image classification problems. This research article discusses scattering transform as the efficient system for medical image analysis where it's figured by scattering the signal information implemented in a deep convolutional network. A step by step case study is manifested at this research work.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures and 1 tabl

Detección automática de la presencia de patología ocular en retinografías empleando técnicas de procesado de imágenes

La vista es uno de los sentidos de mayor importancia para la vida humana. En los últimos años el número de enfermedades oculares ha aumentado y las predicciones de los científicos es que van a seguir aumentando en los próximos años. Existen enfermedades oculares que se han convertido en importantes causas de pérdida de visión a nivel mundial como la retinopatía diabética (RD), el glaucoma, la degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) y las cataratas. Estas enfermedades oculares suelen provocar alteraciones en el ojo humano, que pueden detectarse observando el ojo. Una de las técnicas más extendidas para observar el fondo del ojo es la retinografía, que es una imagen digital a color de la retina. Esta imagen es muy útil para el diagnóstico de enfermedades que afectan al ojo como RD y DMAE, entre otras. No obstante, la creciente incidencia de algunas enfermedades oculares y la escasez de oftalmólogos especialistas provoca que el análisis de las retinografías sea una tarea compleja y laboriosa. El objetivo de este Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) ha sido el diseño y desarrollo de un método automático para diferenciar entre retinografías patológicas y no patológicas. Este método permitiría ayudar en el diagnóstico y cribado de los pacientes con enfermedades oculares y reducir la carga de trabajo a los oftalmólogos. Para ello, se partió de una base de datos (BD) formada por 1044 imágenes de calidad adecuada para su procesado automático. De ellas, 326 pertenecían a sujetos sanos y a 819 pacientes con algún tipo de patología. Estas imágenes se dividieron en un conjunto de entrenamiento (559 imágenes) y un conjunto de test (585 imágenes). En todos los casos, un oftalmólogo especialista indicó si las imágenes eran normales o patológicas.Grado en Ingeniería de Tecnologías de Telecomunicació