Emergence of a new salt-tolerant alien grass along roadsides? Occurrence of Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis (Poaceae) in Hungary

This paper reports the occurrence of a North American salt-tolerant taxon, Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) P.M.Peterson et N.Snow in Hungary (Central-Europe). Two earlier Hungarian observations of D. fusca were known from 1915, near Győr (West Transdanubia), later the taxon was collected by Pénzes in 1958, in downtown Budatétény (central Hungary. Both observations seem to be occasional. Recently, the taxon has started spreading in Europe, mainly on rice paddy fields, with a serious invasion potential. In North America its appearance on ruderal habitats, as well as along roads and other linear infrastructures is a well known phenomenon. The Hungarian population was found near Cegléd (Central Hungary) on the roadside of the E40 primary main road in September 2018. In July 2019 more than one thousand (mostly vegetative) individuals were detected. The salt content of the habitat shows remarkable temporal and spatial variability. At one meter distance from the edge of the paved road soil salt content was higher in spring (after the winter de-icing regime), than in autumn. Salt concentration was highest in the vicinity of the road, and decreased with increasing distance from it. Germination tests revealed a significant negative effect of NaCl concentration on germination rates, but germination occurred even on extremely saline substrates with 1.5% NaCl concentration. Considering its biology and reproduction strategy, the further spread of Diplachne fusca is highly presumable

Riqueza de especies, clasificación y listado de las gramíneas (Poaceae) de México

Background and Aims: In 2006 the catalogue of the grasses of Mexico was published, but since then, the classification as well as new species to science changed the numbers of the family in Mexico and worldwide. The main objective of this study is to update the checklist of taxa in Mexico through the consolidation of many online databases. Other objectives include the comparison of the species richness of the family Poaceae between the richest countries, as well as to analyze the taxa richness at state level and by taxonomic categories.Methods: National and foreign online databases that included Mexican vouchers were downloaded and curated, as well as a visual confirmation of the identity of a great percentage of specimens. Names of the species, states where they were collected, and the herbaria acronyms were annotated. The resulting database was complemented only with literature from 2006 to the current year and that not included in the catalogue that showed vouchers.Key results: A total of 1416 taxa were accounted for 227,973 records, these include 215 genera, 1312 species and 214 infraspecific categories. Of the total number of species, 1092 are considered native and 224 introduced (cultivated and/or weed). There are 304 (27.83%) endemic species or 311 (28.10%) if infraspecific categories are considered. In México, the subfamilies most diverse are the Panicoideae, Chloridoideae and Pooideae, that together add up 183 genera and 1175 species, the remaining subfamilies have a minor number of taxa.Conclusions: Nominally, Mexico occupies the 5th place in species richness; however, considering the geographical extension of each country, Mexico ascends to the 1st place as the worldwide richest country of native and introduced grass species by km2. At the state level, the smallest states are the most species-rich.Antecedentes y Objetivos: En 2006 se dio a conocer el catálogo de las gramíneas de México, pero desde entonces tanto la clasificación como la aparición de especies nuevas cambiaron las cifras de esta familia en México y en el mundo. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue actualizar la lista de taxa en México, reuniendo el mayor número posible de bases de datos en línea. Otros objetivos incluyeron la comparación de la riqueza de especies de la familia Poaceae entre los países con mayor diversidad, así como analizar la riqueza de sus taxa a nivel estatal y por categorías taxonómicas.Métodos: Se consultaron bases de datos en línea, tanto nacionales como extranjeras, que incluían ejemplares de referencia de México, se descargaron y se curaron, además de una confirmación visual de la identidad de un gran porcentaje de ejemplares. Se extrajeron los nombres de las especies, estados donde fueron colectadas y los acrónimos de los herbarios. La base resultante se complementó solo con bibliografía a partir de 2006 y la no incluida en el catálogo que mostraba ejemplares de respaldo.Resultados clave: Se revisaron 227,973 registros que contabilizaron, en total, 1416 taxa, que incluyen 215 géneros, 1312 especies y 214 categorías infraespecíficas. Del total de especies, 1092 se consideran nativas y 224 introducidas (cultivadas y/o malezas). Las especies endémicas de México son 304 (27.83%) o 311 (28.10%) si se consideran categorías inferiores. Las subfamilias más diversas en México son Panicoideae, Chloridoideae y Pooideae, que en conjunto suman 183 géneros y 1175 especies; el resto de las subfamilias poseen una cantidad menor de taxa.Conclusiones: De forma nominal, a nivel mundial México ocupa el 5° lugar en riqueza de especies; sin embargo, si se considera la extensión geográfica, México asciende al 1er lugar con la mayor riqueza de especies de gramíneas por km2, tanto nativas como introducidas, en todo el mundo. A nivel estatal, los estados más pequeños son los más ricos en especies

35th Annual Reception Bibliography, 2017-2018

Since 1984, Leonard H. Axe Library at Pittsburg State University has honored book authors and other creators for their outstanding scholarship and contributions to their fields

An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy

none51An updated inventory of the vascular flora alien to Italy, providing details on the occurrence at regional level, is presented. The checklist includes 1597 species, subspecies, and hybrids, distributed in 725 genera and 152 families; 2 taxa are lycophytes, 11 ferns and fern allies, 33 gymnosperms, and 1551 angiosperms. 157 taxa are archaeophytes and 1440 neophytes. The alien taxa currently established in Italy are 791 (570 naturalized and 221 invasive), while 705 taxa are casual aliens, 4 are not assessed, 7 are of unknown regional distribution, 47 have not been confirmed in recent times, 3 are considered extinct or possibly extinct in the country, and 40 are doubtfully occurring in Italy. This checklist allows to establish an up-to-date number (9792) of taxa constituting the whole (native and alien) Italian flora.openGalasso G.; Conti F.; Peruzzi L.; Ardenghi N.M.G.; Banfi E.; Celesti-Grapow L.; Albano A.; Alessandrini A.; Bacchetta G.; Ballelli S.; Bandini Mazzanti M.; Barberis G.; Bernardo L.; Blasi C.; Bouvet D.; Bovio M.; Cecchi L.; Del Guacchio E.; Domina G.; Fascetti S.; Gallo L.; Gubellini L.; Guiggi A.; Iamonico D.; Iberite M.; Jimenez-Mejias P.; Lattanzi E.; Marchetti D.; Martinetto E.; Masin R.R.; Medagli P.; Passalacqua N.G.; Peccenini S.; Pennesi R.; Pierini B.; Podda L.; Poldini L.; Prosser F.; Raimondo F.M.; Roma-Marzio F.; Rosati L.; Santangelo A.; Scoppola A.; Scortegagna S.; Selvaggi A.; Selvi F.; Soldano A.; Stinca A.; Wagensommer R.P.; Wilhalm T.; Bartolucci F.Galasso, G.; Conti, F.; Peruzzi, L.; Ardenghi, N. M. G.; Banfi, E.; Celesti-Grapow, L.; Albano, A.; Alessandrini, A.; Bacchetta, G.; Ballelli, S.; Bandini Mazzanti, M.; Barberis, G.; Bernardo, L.; Blasi, C.; Bouvet, D.; Bovio, M.; Cecchi, L.; Del Guacchio, E.; Domina, G.; Fascetti, S.; Gallo, L.; Gubellini, L.; Guiggi, A.; Iamonico, D.; Iberite, M.; Jimenez-Mejias, P.; Lattanzi, E.; Marchetti, D.; Martinetto, E.; Masin, R. R.; Medagli, P.; Passalacqua, N. G.; Peccenini, S.; Pennesi, R.; Pierini, B.; Podda, L.; Poldini, L.; Prosser, F.; Raimondo, F. M.; Roma-Marzio, F.; Rosati, L.; Santangelo, A.; Scoppola, A.; Scortegagna, S.; Selvaggi, A.; Selvi, F.; Soldano, A.; Stinca, A.; Wagensommer, R. P.; Wilhalm, T.; Bartolucci, F

Infestantes dos arrozais: contributo para o estudo da germinação de Leptochloa fusca subsp. fascicularis e da sensibilidade a herbicidas em Cyperus difformis

Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Proteção das Plantas / Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Universidade de LisboaO arroz é um dos cereais com maior área de cultivo e maior consumo no mundo e em Portugal. As infestantes são o principal problema fitossanitário desta cultura, devido à dificuldade na gestão de infestações, por aspetos relacionados com a sua biologia e com a ocorrência de resistência a herbicidas. Leptochloa fusca subsp. fascicularis (erva-fina ou leptocloa) é uma gramínea anual semiaquática, norte-americana, considerada uma infestante emergente do arroz em Portugal. Cyperus difformis (negrinha) é uma ciperácea anual, causando elevados prejuízos na maioria das regiões orizícolas mundiais e em Portugal. Há suspeitas de populações resistentes a herbicidas de ambas as espécies em arrozais portugueses. Este trabalho teve como primeiro objetivo eleger o tratamento mais eficaz de quebra de dormência das sementes de leptocloa, devido à grande dificuldade na obtenção de plantas para ensaios de resistência devido a fenómenos de dormência. Realizaram-se ensaios de germinação de sementes colhidas na campanha de 2020 e provenientes de várias populações de arroz do Baixo Mondego, Ribatejo e Alentejo. Foram testados 24 tratamentos. Um segundo objetivo focou-se na resistência de uma população de C. difformis, proveniente de um arrozal do Alentejo, com o objetivo de validar suspeitas de resistência às substâncias ativas bentazona (inibidor da fotossíntese no fotossistema II) e ao penoxsulame (inibidor da enzima acetolactato sintase), através de testes rápidos de despiste. Os ensaios de quebra de dormência em leptocloa evidenciaram que o tratamento misto de estratificação húmida a 3 ⁰C, na obscuridade, seguido de punção é o mais eficaz para as várias populações. Este resultado indica uma possível dormência combinada, fisiológica e física. Os ensaios na população de negrinha evidenciaram resistência às substâncias ativas estudadas, mas será aconselhável a validação em vaso com planta inteira em condições de campo. Estes trabalhos representam um importante contributo para estudos de resistência, necessitando de continuidade para aperfeiçoamento e validaçãoN/

The genus Eragrostis (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in northwestern South America (Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru): morphological and taxonomic studies

ilustraciones, fotografía, mapasA morphological and taxonomic treatment of Eragrostis for northwest South America is given. The present revision intends to clarify the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the species of Eragrostis present in northwest South America. The classification, nomenclature, affinities, and macro and micromorphological variation of the genus are discussed. Forty-five morphological and micromorphological characters were selected for use in the descriptions and differentiation among the species. This study is based on the examination of herbarium specimens from AAU, AMAZ, ANSM, BA, BAA, BAB, BM, CA, CAUP, COAH, COL, CORD, CPUN, CTES, CUZ, ENCB, F, GB, GH, HAO, HUA, HUT, K, LE, LIL, LINN, LP, MA, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, P, PSO, QCA, RSA, S, SGO, SI, TAES, UC, UPS, US, USM, UTC, W, and WIS, including the type specimens of most species studied. In addition, extensive field studies were performed to assess the diversity of the genus in this region of South America. Thirty-seven species are recognized in the study area (24 native and 13 introduced-naturalized); four of the species are cited for the first time for Colombia [Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud., Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau, Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud., Eragrostis soratensis Jedwabn.] and three for Peru [Eragrostis acutiflora (Kunth) Nees, Eragrostis bahiensis Schrad. ex Schult., and Eragrostis secundiflora J. Presl]. Eragrostis condensata (J. Presl) Steud. is endemic to Ecuador, while Eragrostis magna Hitchc. and Eragrostis pilgeri Fedde are endemic to Peru. Twenty-nine species are recorded in Colombia, 19 in Ecuador, and 26 in Peru. Keys for determining the species, descriptions, illustrations, geographical distributions, morphological and ecological observations, chromosome numbers, specimens studied, and synonymies are provided for all native and adventive species of Eragrostis in northwestern South America. Eragrostis lasseri Luces is placed as a synonym of Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br., and Eragrostis nigricans (Kunth) Steud. var. punensis Nicora is placed as a synonym of Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link subsp. mexicana. The lectotype for Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau is designated here. Eragrostis patula (Kunth) Steud. and Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. are excluded from the Colombian Flora since all specimens identified as Eragrostis patula are apparently misidentified and are usually referable to Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. A single specimen identified as Eragrostis unioloides as cited in the Flora of Antioquia (Colombia) was misidentified and it belongs to Chascolytrum juergensii (Hack.) Essi, Souza-Chies & Longhi-Wagner. (texto tomado de la fuente)Se presenta un estudio morfológico y taxonómico de las especies del género Eragrostis del noroeste de Sudamérica. Con esta revisión se pretende clarificar los problemas taxonómicos y nomenclaturales de los taxones de Eragrostis presentes en el noroeste de Sudamérica. Se analizan diversos aspectos relativos a la clasificación, la nomenclatura, las afinidades genéricas y la variación macro y micromorfológica de los caracteres. Se consideraron 45 caracteres –entre macro y micromorfológicos– los cuales son de suma utilidad en la elaboración de las descripciones, así como para diferenciar y reconocer las diferentes especies. Esta investigación está basada en el análisis de los especímenes depositados en los herbarios AAU, AMAZ, ANSM, BA, BAA, BAB, BM, CA, CAUP, COAH, COL, CORD, CPUN, CTES, CUZ, ENCB, F, GB, GH, HAO, HUA, HUT, K, LE, LIL, LINN, LP, MA, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, P, PSO, QCA, RSA, S, SGO, SI, TAES, UC, UPS, US, USM, UTC, W y WIS, en el que se incluye, además, el estudio de material tipo para la mayoría de las especies consideradas. Adicionalmente, se realizaron numerosas salidas de campo, con el fin de enriquecer las colecciones del género para esta área geográfica de Sudamérica. Se reconocen 37 especies para el área de estudio (24 nativas y 13 introducidas-naturalizadas), de las cuales siete especies constituyen novedades corológicas: Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud., Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau, Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. y Eragrostis soratensis Jedwabn. se citan por primera vez para Colombia, mientras que Eragrostis acutiflora (Kunth) Nees, Eragrostis bahiensis Schrad. ex Schult. y Eragrostis secundiflora J. Presl se registran por primera vez para Perú. Merece destacarse que Eragrostis condensata (J. Presl) Steud. es endémica de Ecuador, mientras que Eragrostis magna Hitchc. y Eragrostis pilgeri Fedde son endémicas de Perú. Este género está representado en Colombia por 29 especies, en Ecuador por 19 y en Perú por 26. Se presentan las claves para reconocer las especies nativas y adventicias presentes en el noroeste de Sudamérica, así como también las descripciones de éstas, la iconografía, la distribución geográfica, los especímenes estudiados, los sinónimos, los números cromosómicos, y se comentan algunas observaciones morfológicas y ecológicas. Por otra parte, Eragrostis lasseri Luces se reduce a la sinonimia de Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br., y Eragrostis nigricans (Kunth) Steud. var. punensis Nicora se reduce a la sinonimia de Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link subsp. mexicana. Se designa el lectotipo para Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau. Las especies Eragrostis patula (Kunth) Steud. y Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. se excluyen de la flora colombiana. Eragrostis patula es frecuentemente considerada en floras locales de Colombia; sin embargo, los especímenes referidos a dicha especie pertenecen generalmente a Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. Entre tanto, Eragrostis unioloides ha sido citada para la Flora de Antioquia (Colombia) con base en un único ejemplar, pero realmente el espécimen corresponde claramente a Chascolytrum juergensii (Hack.) Essi, Souza-Chies & Longhi-Wagner. (texto tomado de la fuente)Presentation -- Abstract -- Resumen -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Macromorphological analyses -- Micromorphological analyses -- Phytoliths -- Reproductive structures – Microscopy -- Micromorphological and anatomical terminology -- Species concept -- Ant samples -- Results and Discussion -- Phytoliths -- Silica bodies -- Long cells – Short cells -- Stomatal complexes – Macrohairs -- Microhairs -- Prickle hairs – Papillae – Glands -- An overview of glands in grasses -- Microhairs (bicellular trichomes) in Eragrostis -- Multicellular glands (extrafloral nectaries) in Eragrostis -- Spikelet morphology -- Caryopsis morphology -- Diversity of species of Eragrostis in northwestern South America -- Ecology and geographic distribution -- Economic importance -- Taxonomic treatment -- Eragrostis Wolf -- Etymology -- Base chromosome number and levels of ploidy -- Monophyly of Eragrostis -- Biochemical features --The subtribe Eragrostidinae -- Key to separate Eragrostis and Steirachne -- Infrageneric classification -- Comments -- Key to the species of Eragrostis in Colombia -- Key to the species of Eragrostis in Ecuador -- Key to the species of Eragrostis in Peru -- Descriptions of the species -- Eragrostis acutiflora (Kunth) Nees -- Eragrostis airoides Nees -- Eragrostis andicola R. E. Fr -- Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud. -- Eragrostis attenuata Hitchc. -- Eragrostis bahiensis Schrad. Ex Schult. -- Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau -- Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch. -- Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. -- Eragrostis condensata (J. Presl) Steud. -- Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees -- Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. -- Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. -- Eragrostis intermedia Hitchc. -- Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. -- Eragrostis lugens Nees -- Eragrostis lurida J. Presl. -- Eragrostis magna Hitchc. -- Eragrostis maypurensis (Kunth) Steud. -- Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link -- Eragrostis mokensis Pilg. -- Eragrostis nigricans (Kunth) Steud. -- Eragrostis pastoensis (Kunth) Trin. -- Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees -- Eragrostis peruviana (Jacq.) Trin. -- Eragrostis pilgeri Fedde -- Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. -- Eragrostis polytricha Nees -- Eragrostis prolifera (Sw.) Steud. -- Eragrostis rufescens Schrad. ex Schult -- Eragrostis secundiflora J. Presl. -- Eragrostis soratensis Jedwabn -- Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult -- Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. -- Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. -- Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin -- Eragrostis weberbaueri Pilg. -- Excluded names -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Appendix 1. List of names and synonyms -- Appendix 2. List of vernacular namesPrimera edició

Flora Mediterranea

This peer-reviewed journal, published annually on behalf of OPTIMA, includes papers dealing with the study of biogeography, floristics and systematic botany in the Mediterranean area

Monograph of Diplachne (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae)

Diplachne P. Beauv. comprises two species with C4 (NAD-ME) photosynthesis. Diplachne fusca has a nearly pantropical-pantemperate distribution with four subspecies: D. fusca subsp. fusca is Paleotropical with native distributions in Africa, southern Asia and Australia; the widespread Australian endemic D. f. subsp. muelleri; and D. f. subsp. fascicularis and D. f. subsp. uninervia occurring in the New World. Diplachne gigantea is known from a few widely scattered, older collections in east-central and southern Africa, and although Data Deficient clearly is of conservation concern. A discussion of previous taxonomic treatments is provided, including molecular data supporting Diplachne in its newer, restricted sense. Many populations of Diplachne fusca are highly tolerant of saline substrates and most prefer seasonally moist to saturated soils, often in disturbed areas. Some populations of Diplachne fusca in southern Asia combine nitrogen-fixation, high salinity tolerance and palatibilty to livestock, which should be pursued with further research for purposes of soil reclamation. Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia is the most invasive of the subspecies and is becoming weedy in some non-native areas, including in the Old World. This monograph provides detailed descriptions of all taxa, a key to the species and subspecies, geographic distributions and information on the anatomy of leaves, stems, lemmatal micromorphology and discussions of the chromosome numbers. Lectotypes are designated for: Atropis carinata Grisb.; Diplachne acuminata Nash; Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. concinna Nees; Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. obscura Nees, Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. prolifera subvar. minor Nees, Diplachne halei Nash, Diplachne maritima E.P. Bicknel, Diplachne muelleri Benth., Diplachne reverchonii Vasey, Diplachne tectoneticola Backer, Leptochloa imbricata Thurb., Leptochloa neuroglossa Peter, Leptochloa uninervia var. typica fo. abbreviata Parodi, Triodia ambigua R. Br. and Triodia parviflora R. Br

Contributions from the United States National Herbarium

v.48(2003