4,704 research outputs found
Science Models as Value-Added Services for Scholarly Information Systems
The paper introduces scholarly Information Retrieval (IR) as a further
dimension that should be considered in the science modeling debate. The IR use
case is seen as a validation model of the adequacy of science models in
representing and predicting structure and dynamics in science. Particular
conceptualizations of scholarly activity and structures in science are used as
value-added search services to improve retrieval quality: a co-word model
depicting the cognitive structure of a field (used for query expansion), the
Bradford law of information concentration, and a model of co-authorship
networks (both used for re-ranking search results). An evaluation of the
retrieval quality when science model driven services are used turned out that
the models proposed actually provide beneficial effects to retrieval quality.
From an IR perspective, the models studied are therefore verified as expressive
conceptualizations of central phenomena in science. Thus, it could be shown
that the IR perspective can significantly contribute to a better understanding
of scholarly structures and activities.Comment: 26 pages, to appear in Scientometric
Intelligent computational sketching support for conceptual design
Sketches, with their flexibility and suggestiveness, are in many ways ideal for expressing emerging design concepts. This can be seen from the fact that the process of representing early designs by free-hand drawings was used as far back as in the early 15th century [1]. On the other hand, CAD systems have become widely accepted as an essential design tool in recent years, not least because they provide a base on which design analysis can be carried out. Efficient transfer of sketches into a CAD representation, therefore, is a powerful addition to the designers' armoury.It has been pointed out by many that a pen-on-paper system is the best tool for sketching. One of the crucial requirements of a computer aided sketching system is its ability to recognise and interpret the elements of sketches. 'Sketch recognition', as it has come to be known, has been widely studied by people working in such fields: as artificial intelligence to human-computer interaction and robotic vision. Despite the continuing efforts to solve the problem of appropriate conceptual design modelling, it is difficult to achieve completely accurate recognition of sketches because usually sketches implicate vague information, and the idiosyncratic expression and understanding differ from each designer
Applying Science Models for Search
The paper proposes three different kinds of science models as value-added
services that are integrated in the retrieval process to enhance retrieval
quality. The paper discusses the approaches Search Term Recommendation,
Bradfordizing and Author Centrality on a general level and addresses
implementation issues of the models within a real-life retrieval environment.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, ISI 201
Meaning-focused and Quantum-inspired Information Retrieval
In recent years, quantum-based methods have promisingly integrated the
traditional procedures in information retrieval (IR) and natural language
processing (NLP). Inspired by our research on the identification and
application of quantum structures in cognition, more specifically our work on
the representation of concepts and their combinations, we put forward a
'quantum meaning based' framework for structured query retrieval in text
corpora and standardized testing corpora. This scheme for IR rests on
considering as basic notions, (i) 'entities of meaning', e.g., concepts and
their combinations and (ii) traces of such entities of meaning, which is how
documents are considered in this approach. The meaning content of these
'entities of meaning' is reconstructed by solving an 'inverse problem' in the
quantum formalism, consisting of reconstructing the full states of the entities
of meaning from their collapsed states identified as traces in relevant
documents. The advantages with respect to traditional approaches, such as
Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), are discussed by means of concrete examples.Comment: 11 page
Combining quantifications for flexible query result ranking
Databases contain data and database systems governing such databases are often intended to allow a user to query these data. On one hand, these data may be subject to imperfections, on the other hand, users may employ imperfect query preference specifications to query such databases. All of these imperfections lead to each query answer being accompanied by a collection of quantifications indicating how well (part of) a group of data complies with (part of) the user's query. A fundamental question is how to present the user with the query answers complying best to his or her query preferences. The work presented in this paper first determines the difficulties to overcome in reaching such presentation. Mainly, a useful presentation needs the ranking of the query answers based on the aforementioned quantifications, but it seems advisable to not combine quantifications with different interpretations. Thus, the work presented in this paper continues to introduce and examine a novel technique to determine a query answer ranking. Finally, a few aspects of this technique, among which its computational efficiency, are discussed
Scaling Construction Grammar up to Production Systems: the SCIM
While a great effort has concerned the development of fully integrated
modular understanding systems, few researches have focused on the problem of
unifying existing linguistic formalisms with cognitive processing models. The
Situated Constructional Interpretation Model is one of these attempts. In this
model, the notion of "construction" has been adapted in order to be able to
mimic the behavior of Production Systems. The Construction Grammar approach
establishes a model of the relations between linguistic forms and meaning, by
the mean of constructions. The latter can be considered as pairings from a
topologically structured space to an unstructured space, in some way a special
kind of production rules
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