4,211 research outputs found
Non-Invasive Induction Link Model for Implantable Biomedical Microsystems: Pacemaker to Monitor Arrhythmic Patients in Body Area Networks
In this paper, a non-invasive inductive link model for an Implantable
Biomedical Microsystems (IBMs) such as, a pacemaker to monitor Arrhythmic
Patients (APs) in Body Area Networks (BANs) is proposed. The model acts as a
driving source to keep the batteries charged, inside a device called,
pacemaker. The device monitors any drift from natural human heart beats, a
condition of arrythmia and also in turn, produces electrical pulses that create
forced rhythms that, matches with the original normal heart rhythms. It
constantly sends a medical report to the health center to keep the medical
personnel aware of the patient's conditions and let them handle any critical
condition, before it actually happens. Two equivalent models are compared by
carrying the simulations, based on the parameters of voltage gain and link
efficiency. Results depict that the series tuned primary and parallel tuned
secondary circuit achieves the best results for both the parameters, keeping in
view the constraint of coupling co-efficient (k), which should be less than a
value \emph{0.45} as, desirable for the safety of body tissues.Comment: IEEE 8th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless
Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA'13), Compiegne, Franc
A comprehensive survey of wireless body area networks on PHY, MAC, and network layers solutions
Recent advances in microelectronics and integrated circuits, system-on-chip design, wireless communication and intelligent low-power sensors have allowed the realization of a Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). A WBAN is a collection of low-power, miniaturized, invasive/non-invasive lightweight wireless sensor nodes that monitor the human body functions and the surrounding environment. In addition, it supports a number of innovative and interesting applications such as ubiquitous healthcare, entertainment, interactive gaming, and military applications. In this paper, the fundamental mechanisms of WBAN including architecture and topology, wireless implant communication, low-power Medium Access Control (MAC) and routing protocols are reviewed. A comprehensive study of the proposed technologies for WBAN at Physical (PHY), MAC, and Network layers is presented and many useful solutions are discussed for each layer. Finally, numerous WBAN applications are highlighted
Distance Aware Relaying Energy-efficient: DARE to Monitor Patients in Multi-hop Body Area Sensor Networks
In recent years, interests in the applications of Wireless Body Area Sensor
Network (WBASN) is noticeably developed. WBASN is playing a significant role to
get the real time and precise data with reduced level of energy consumption. It
comprises of tiny, lightweight and energy restricted sensors, placed in/on the
human body, to monitor any ambiguity in body organs and measure various
biomedical parameters. In this study, a protocol named Distance Aware Relaying
Energy-efficient (DARE) to monitor patients in multi-hop Body Area Sensor
Networks (BASNs) is proposed. The protocol operates by investigating the ward
of a hospital comprising of eight patients, under different topologies by
positioning the sink at different locations or making it static or mobile.
Seven sensors are attached to each patient, measuring different parameters of
Electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse rate, heart rate, temperature level, glucose
level, toxins level and motion. To reduce the energy consumption, these sensors
communicate with the sink via an on-body relay, affixed on the chest of each
patient. The body relay possesses higher energy resources as compared to the
body sensors as, they perform aggregation and relaying of data to the sink
node. A comparison is also conducted conducted with another protocol of BAN
named, Mobility-supporting Adaptive Threshold-based Thermal-aware
Energy-efficient Multi-hop ProTocol (M-ATTEMPT). The simulation results show
that, the proposed protocol achieves increased network lifetime and efficiently
reduces the energy consumption, in relative to M-ATTEMPT protocol.Comment: IEEE 8th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless
Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA'13), Compiegne, Franc
Physical Multi-Layer Phantoms for Intra-Body Communications
This paper presents approaches to creating tissue mimicking materials that
can be used as phantoms for evaluating the performance of Body Area Networks
(BAN). The main goal of the paper is to describe a methodology to create a
repeatable experimental BAN platform that can be customized depending on the
BAN scenario under test. Comparisons between different material compositions
and percentages are shown, along with the resulting electrical properties of
each mixture over the frequency range of interest for intra-body
communications; 100 KHz to 100 MHz. Test results on a composite multi-layer
sample are presented confirming the efficacy of the proposed methodology. To
date, this is the first paper that provides guidance on how to decide on
concentration levels of ingredients, depending on the exact frequency range of
operation, and the desired matched electrical characteristics (conductivity vs.
permittivity), to create multi-layer phantoms for intra-body communication
applications
THE-FAME: THreshold based Energy-efficient FAtigue MEasurment for Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks using Multiple Sinks
Wireless Body Area Sensor Network (WBASN) is a technology employed mainly for
patient health monitoring. New research is being done to take the technology to
the next level i.e. player's fatigue monitoring in sports. Muscle fatigue is
the main cause of player's performance degradation. This type of fatigue can be
measured by sensing the accumulation of lactic acid in muscles. Excess of
lactic acid makes muscles feel lethargic. Keeping this in mind we propose a
protocol \underline{TH}reshold based \underline{E}nergy-efficient
\underline{FA}tigue \underline{ME}asurement (THE-FAME) for soccer players using
WBASN. In THE-FAME protocol, a composite parameter has been used that consists
of a threshold parameter for lactic acid accumulation and a parameter for
measuring distance covered by a particular player. When any parameters's value
in this composite parameter shows an increase beyond threshold, the players is
declared to be in a fatigue state. The size of battery and sensor should be
very small for the sake of players' best performance. These sensor nodes,
implanted inside player's body, are made energy efficient by using multiple
sinks instead of a single sink. Matlab simulation results show the
effectiveness of THE-FAME.Comment: IEEE 8th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless
Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA'13), Compiegne, Franc
On-Body Channel Measurement Using Wireless Sensors
© 2012 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective
works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.This post-acceptance version of the paper is essentially complete, but may differ from the official copy of record, which can be found at the following web location (subscription required to access full paper): http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2012.219693
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