25,316 research outputs found
Medical imaging analysis with artificial neural networks
Given that neural networks have been widely reported in the research community of medical imaging, we provide a focused literature survey on recent neural network developments in computer-aided diagnosis, medical image segmentation and edge detection towards visual content analysis, and medical image registration for its pre-processing and post-processing, with the aims of increasing awareness of how neural networks can be applied to these areas and to provide a foundation for further research and practical development. Representative techniques and algorithms are explained in detail to provide inspiring examples illustrating: (i) how a known neural network with fixed structure and training procedure could be applied to resolve a medical imaging problem; (ii) how medical images could be analysed, processed, and characterised by neural networks; and (iii) how neural networks could be expanded further to resolve problems relevant to medical imaging. In the concluding section, a highlight of comparisons among many neural network applications is included to provide a global view on computational intelligence with neural networks in medical imaging
Teaching and understanding of quantum interpretations in modern physics courses
Just as expert physicists vary in their personal stances on interpretation in
quantum mechanics, instructors vary on whether and how to teach interpretations
of quantum phenomena in introductory modern physics courses. In this paper, we
document variations in instructional approaches with respect to interpretation
in two similar modern physics courses recently taught at the University of
Colorado, and examine associated impacts on student perspectives regarding
quantum physics. We find students are more likely to prefer realist
interpretations of quantum-mechanical systems when instructors are less
explicit in addressing student ontologies. We also observe contextual
variations in student beliefs about quantum systems, indicating that
instructors who choose to address questions of ontology in quantum mechanics
should do so explicitly across a range of topics.Comment: 18 pages, references, plus 2 pages supplemental materials. 8 figures.
PACS: 01.40.Fk, 03.65.-
Positive Definite Kernels in Machine Learning
This survey is an introduction to positive definite kernels and the set of
methods they have inspired in the machine learning literature, namely kernel
methods. We first discuss some properties of positive definite kernels as well
as reproducing kernel Hibert spaces, the natural extension of the set of
functions associated with a kernel defined
on a space . We discuss at length the construction of kernel
functions that take advantage of well-known statistical models. We provide an
overview of numerous data-analysis methods which take advantage of reproducing
kernel Hilbert spaces and discuss the idea of combining several kernels to
improve the performance on certain tasks. We also provide a short cookbook of
different kernels which are particularly useful for certain data-types such as
images, graphs or speech segments.Comment: draft. corrected a typo in figure
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