An Intelligent Vertical Handover Scheme for Audio and Video Streaming in Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks

In heterogeneous vehicular networks, the most challenging issue is obtaining an efficient vertical handover during the vehicle roaming process. Efficient network selection process can achieve satisfactory Quality of Service for ongoing applications. In this paper, we propose an Intelligent Network Selection (INS) scheme based on maximization scoring function to efficiently rank available wireless network candidates. Three input parameters were utilized to develop a maximization scoring function that collected data from each network candidate during the selection process. These parameters are: Faded Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Residual Channel Capacity, and Connection Life Time. The results show that the proposed INS scheme is more efficient at decreasing handover delays, End-to-End delays for VoIP and Video applications, packet loss ratios as well as increasing the efficiency of network selection processes in comparison with the state of the arts.Sadiq, AS.; Abu Bakar, K.; Ghafoor, KZ.; Lloret, J.; Khokhar, R. (2013). An Intelligent Vertical Handover Scheme for Audio and Video Streaming in Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks. Mobile Networks and Applications. 18(6):879-895. doi:10.1007/s11036-013-0465-8S879895186Chen YS, Cheng CH, Hsu CS, Chiu GM (2009) Network mobility protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. In: Wireless communications and networking conference, IEEE, pp 1–6Ghafoor KZ, Abu Bakar K, Lee K, AL-Hashimi H (2010) A novel delay-and reliability-aware inter-vehicle routing protocol. 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An intelligent network selection mechanism for vertical handover decision in vehicular Ad Hoc wireless networks

The design of the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) technology is a modern paradigm for vehicular communication on movement. However, VANET's vertical handover (VHO) decision in seamless connectivity is a huge challenge caused by the network topology complexity and the large number of mobile nodes that affect the network traffic in terms of the data transmission and dissemination efficiency. Furthermore, the conventional scheme only uses a received signal strength as a metric value, which shows a lack of appropriate handover metrics that is more suitable in horizontal handover compared to VHO. Appropriate VHO decisions will result in an increase in the network quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay, latency, and packet loss. This study aims to design an intelligent network selection to minimize the handover delay and latency, and packet loss in the heterogeneous Vehicle-to- Infrastructure (V2I) wireless networks. The proposed intelligent network selection is known as the Adaptive Handover Decision (AHD) scheme that uses Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) algorithms, namely F-SAW scheme. The AHD scheme was designed to select the best-qualified access point (AP) and base station (BS) candidates without degrading the performance of ongoing applications. The F-SAW scheme is proposed to develop a handover triggering mechanism that generates multiple attributes parameters using the information context of vertical handover decision in the V2I heterogeneous wireless networks. This study uses a network simulator (NS-2) as the mobility traffic network and vehicular mobility traffic (VANETMobiSim) generator to implement a topology in a realistic VANET mobility scenario in Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and LTE networks technologies. The proposed AHD scheme shows an improvement in the QoS handover over the conventional (RSS-based) scheme with an average QoS increased of 21%, 20%, and 13% in delay, latency and packet loss, while Media Independent Handover based (MIH-based) scheme with 12.2%, 11%, and 7% respectively. The proposed scheme assists the mobile user in selecting the best available APs or BS during the vehicles’ movement without degrading the performance of ongoing applications

Energy efficiency in heterogeneous wireless access networks

In this article, we bring forward the important aspect of energy savings in wireless access networks. We specifically focus on the energy saving opportunities in the recently evolving heterogeneous networks (HetNets), both Single- RAT and Multi-RAT. Issues such as sleep/wakeup cycles and interference management are discussed for co-channel Single-RAT HetNets. In addition to that, a simulation based study for LTE macro-femto HetNets is presented, indicating the need for dynamic energy efficient resource management schemes. Multi-RAT HetNets also come with challenges such as network integration, combined resource management and network selection. Along with a discussion on these challenges, we also investigate the performance of the conventional WLAN-first network selection mechanism in terms of energy efficiency (EE) and suggest that EE can be improved by the application of intelligent call admission control policies