Group analysis and conservation laws of an integrable Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation

In this paper, an integrable KP equation is studied using symmetry and conservation laws. First, on the basis of various cases of coefficients, we construct the infinitesimal generators. For the special case, we get the corresponding geometry vector fields, and then from known soliton solutions we derive new soliton solutions. In addition, the explicit power series solutions are derived. Lastly, nonlinear self-adjointness and conservation laws are constructed with symmetries

Multiple lump solutions and their interactions for an integrable nonlinear dispersionless PDE in vector fields

In this article, lump solutions, lump with I-kink, lump with II- kink, periodic, multiwaves, rogue waves and several other interactions such as lump interaction with II-kink, interaction between lump, lump with I-kink and periodic, interaction between lump, lump with II-kink and periodic are derived for Pavlov equation by using appropriate transformations. Additionally, we also present 3-dimensional, 2-dimensional and contour graphs for our solutions

Essays on the economics of gender identity and behavioural responses to tax policy

This thesis presents three essays. The first examines the effect of having a breadwinner mother on children’s gender norms in England. It shows that, while boys with breadwinning mothers are less likely to develop traditional views, girls are more likely to become traditional, in opposition to their family’s norm but in line with society’s. It then develops a model of gender identity, showing that the results can be explained by girls’ weaker preference for conformity to their family. Finally, it employs conformity measures to show that this prediction holds empirically, and implements a regression discontinuity design to estimate the effect of living in such norm-minority families on conformity. The second essay studies costs in adjusting taxable income, using tax reforms and data from the Republic of Cyprus. Combining reduced-form evidence with a structural model of labour supply, it estimates these costs at CYP 79 for salary earners, and CYP 5 for the self-employed (the equivalent of 135 and 8.5 Euros respectively). It then examines the mechanisms driving the observed responses, and proposes a method that estimates asymmetries in adjustment costs to infer the underlying source of frictions. Using the same data, the third chapter examines the importance of tax policy design for tax enforcement and behavioural responses in charitable contributions. It shows three sets of results. First, exploiting salary-dependent thresholds for third-party reporting of charitable contributions, it estimates that reported donations increase by about 0.7 pounds when taxpayers can claim 1 pound more without providing documentation. Second, it finds that at least 40 percent of these observed responses are purely due to changes in reporting, using a reform that retroactively shifted the reporting threshold. Last, it estimates a tax price elasticity of reported charitable donations at -0.5, and shows that this policy parameter is highly sensitive to the reporting environment

Topological Order and Universal Properties of Gapped Quantum Systems

Phases of gapped quantum liquids are topologically ordered and have very interesting physical features that are completely robust against any local perturbation that do not close the bulk energy gap. These universal properties are hidden in the ground states of these systems, as different patterns of many-body long-range entanglement. In this thesis we study the universal properties of gapped quantum liquids from various perspectives. We propose the notion of Universal Wavefunction Overlap as a way of extracting almost complete information about the underlying entanglement structure in a system with topological order. We propose an efficient numerical methods to use these universal wavefunction overlaps as topological order parameters and demonstrate their usefulness with concrete numerical computations. In 2 + 1D these overlaps correspond to known quantities and contain information about anyonic particle excitations. We show that in 3 + 1D, these overlaps contain information about linked multi-string braiding processes, in particular three-string braiding. In the second part of this thesis, we study boundary physics of systems with topological order. We investigate the correspondence between edge and entanglement spectra for non-chiral topological systems in general and with the presence of extra symmetries and dualities. We also show that by local deformations of the fixed-point wavefunction on non- chiral topological orders, all possible edge theories can be extracted from its entanglement Hamiltonian. Finally we introduce the notion of fermionic gapped boundaries and see how the phase diagram of the simplest topological orders get significantly enriched

Proceedings of the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics 2015

This volume contains the full papers accepted for presentation at the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics 2015 held in the Barcelona School of Industrial Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, on June 29 - July 2, 2015. The ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics is an international meeting held once every two years in a European country. Continuing the very successful series of past conferences that have been organized in Lisbon (2003), Madrid (2005), Milan (2007), Warsaw (2009), Brussels (2011) and Zagreb (2013); this edition will once again serve as a meeting point for the international researchers, scientists and experts from academia, research laboratories and industry working in the area of multibody dynamics. Applications are related to many fields of contemporary engineering, such as vehicle and railway systems, aeronautical and space vehicles, robotic manipulators, mechatronic and autonomous systems, smart structures, biomechanical systems and nanotechnologies. The topics of the conference include, but are not restricted to: ● Formulations and Numerical Methods ● Efficient Methods and Real-Time Applications ● Flexible Multibody Dynamics ● Contact Dynamics and Constraints ● Multiphysics and Coupled Problems ● Control and Optimization ● Software Development and Computer Technology ● Aerospace and Maritime Applications ● Biomechanics ● Railroad Vehicle Dynamics ● Road Vehicle Dynamics ● Robotics ● Benchmark ProblemsPostprint (published version

Review of Particle Physics

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.The publication of the Review of Particle Physics is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE–AC02–05CH11231; by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN); by an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan (MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and the United States (DOE) on cooperative research and development; by the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; and by the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN).The authors are grateful to Vincent Vennin for his careful reading of this manuscript and preparing Fig. 23.3 for this review. The work of J.E. was supported in part by the London Centre for Terauniverse Studies (LCTS), using funding from the European Research Council via the Advanced Investigator Grant 267352 and from the UK STFC via the research grant ST/L000326/1. The work of D.W. was supported in part by the UK STFC research grant ST/K00090X/1

Review of particle physics

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including those on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available