12,463 research outputs found
High-dimensional instrumental variables regression and confidence sets
This article considers inference in linear models with d\_X regressors, some
or many of which could be endogenous, and d\_Z instrumental variables (IVs).
d\_Z can range from less than d\_X to any order smaller than an exponential in
the sample size. For moderate d\_X, identification robust confidence sets are
obtained by solving a hierarchy of semidefinite programs. For large d\_X, we
propose the STIV estimator. The analysis of its error uses sensitivity
characteristics introduced in this paper. Robust confidence sets are derived by
solving linear programs. Results on rates of convergence, variable selection,
and confidence sets which "adapt" to the sparsity are given. Generalizations
include models with endogenous IVs and systems of equations with approximation
errors. We also analyse confidence bands for vectors of linear functionals and
functions using bias correction. The application is to a demand system with
approximation errors, cross-equation restrictions, and thousands of endogenous
regressors
Physics with a very long neutrino factory baseline
We discuss the neutrino oscillation physics of a very long neutrino factory
baseline over a broad range of lengths (between 6000 km and 9000 km), centered
on the ``magic baseline'' ( 7500 km) where correlations with the leptonic
CP phase are suppressed by matter effects. Since the magic baseline depends
only on the density, we study the impact of matter density profile effects and
density uncertainties over this range, and the impact of detector locations off
the optimal baseline. We find that the optimal constant density describing the
physics over this entire baseline range is about 5% higher than the average
matter density. This implies that the magic baseline is significantly shorter
than previously inferred. However, while a single detector optimization
requires fine-tuning of the (very long) baseline length, its combination with a
near detector at a shorter baseline is much less sensitive to the far detector
location and to uncertainties in the matter density. In addition, we point out
different applications of this baseline which go beyond its excellent
correlation and degeneracy resolution potential. We demonstrate that such a
long baseline assists in the improvement of the precision and in
the resolution of the octant degeneracy. Moreover, we show that the neutrino
data from such a baseline could be used to extract the matter density along the
profile up to 0.24% at for large , providing a
useful discriminator between different geophysical models.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures. Minor changes, references added; version to
appear in Phys. Rev.
Joint Bayesian endmember extraction and linear unmixing for hyperspectral imagery
This paper studies a fully Bayesian algorithm for endmember extraction and
abundance estimation for hyperspectral imagery. Each pixel of the hyperspectral
image is decomposed as a linear combination of pure endmember spectra following
the linear mixing model. The estimation of the unknown endmember spectra is
conducted in a unified manner by generating the posterior distribution of
abundances and endmember parameters under a hierarchical Bayesian model. This
model assumes conjugate prior distributions for these parameters, accounts for
non-negativity and full-additivity constraints, and exploits the fact that the
endmember proportions lie on a lower dimensional simplex. A Gibbs sampler is
proposed to overcome the complexity of evaluating the resulting posterior
distribution. This sampler generates samples distributed according to the
posterior distribution and estimates the unknown parameters using these
generated samples. The accuracy of the joint Bayesian estimator is illustrated
by simulations conducted on synthetic and real AVIRIS images
Physics and optimization of beta-beams: From low to very high gamma
The physics potential of beta beams is investigated from low to very high
gamma values and it is compared to superbeams and neutrino factories. The gamma
factor and the baseline are treated as continuous variables in the optimization
of the beta beam, while a fixed mass water Cherenkov detector or a totally
active scintillator detector is assumed. We include in our discussion also the
gamma dependence of the number of ion decays per year. For low gamma, we find
that a beta beam could be a very interesting alternative to a superbeam
upgrade, especially if it is operated at the second oscillation maximum to
reduce correlations and degeneracies. For high gamma, we find that a beta beam
could have a potential similar to a neutrino factory. In all cases, the
sensitivity of the beta beams to CP violation is very impressive if similar
neutrino and anti-neutrino event rates can be achieved.Comment: 34 pages, 16 figures, Fig. 2 modified, discussion improved, refs.
added, version to appear in PR
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