Analysis of migration processes based on census data

The subject matter of research is the internal migration processes of the Russian population in the period from the 1960s to 2010. The research is based on the data about the territorial population flows published in the all-Union census materials of 1970, 1979, and 1989, and in the all-Russia census materials of 2002 and 2010. The basic migration flows and directions are considered. Methodologically, the analysis of migration is based on the use of end-to-end indicators enabling to assess the dynamics of migration processes over a long period. Special attention is paid to rural-urban internal migrations, the volumes, patterns and consequences of which have not been so far properly investigated or assessed. The authors offer and calculate relative indicators that have never been used to assess the processes in question. To make the census materials of the soviet and post-soviet periods comparable, the economic zoning adopted before 2000 is used, and the administrative-territorial network is unified. The authors confirm the hypothesis that from decade to decade the intensity of territorial mobility of both urban and rural population was reduced. Interregional migration flows are considered, and various tendencies and migration intensity for over four decades are de ned. The authors analyze the dynamics in the structure of migrants by the time they lived in the place of their permanent residence in various regions. The research shows that the tendencies developed at that time and persisting continue to adversely affect the territorial re-distribution of population and the regional social and economic development of the country. The research results can be used in adjusting the regional socio-economic and migration policy.The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation Project № 14–02–00525

Migration Processes In Contemporary Estonia

This article examines migration trends in contemporary Estonia, focusing on migrant movements, legal regulations applying to migrants and national policies dealing with migration. Estonia is a multi-ethnic country in which both immigration and emigration occur on a considerable scale; consequently, understanding migration patterns and trends is particularly important. Historical factors have influenced Estonian society in a way which has necessitated the implementation of integration programmes and strategies aimed at social consolidation. The article features an analysis of the main changes in migration movements in Estonia since it gained independence and presents contemporary tendencies

Contemporary Migration Processes in Russia

This article, abridged from the Russian original, was published by the Institute of Socio-Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, in 1993. Irena Orlova, Y. Streltsova and E. Skvortsova work in the Department of Sociology of Migration at the Institute. Dr. Orlova is the Head of the Department. The article was translated by A. Benifand and R. Kovaleva, York University, and edited by R. Brym, Professor of Sociology, University of Toronto. The article examines the contribution of migration to Russian population dynamics, inter-regional migration flows, the growth of regional and ethnic separatism, human rights problems associated with migration, refugee issues, and the "brain drain" from Russia. It is based on official demographic statistics and a wide range of sociological surveys. It focuses mainly on the period 1990-93 and contains a brief postscript bringing the analysis up to date.Cet article estune version abrégée d'un texte qui a été publié en russe par l'Institut d'études sodo-politiques de l'Académie russe des sciences à Moscou en 1993. 1. Orlova, Y. Streltsova et E. Skvortsova sont membres du Département de sociologie des migrations à l'Institut. Dr. Orlova est directrice du Département. L'article a été traduit par A. Benifand et R. Kovaleva de l'Université York. La traduction a été dirigee par le professeur R. Brym du Département de sociologie de l'Université de Toronto. L'article examine l'effet des migrations sur la dynamique démographique en Russie, les flux migratoires interrégionaux, la croissance des mouvements séparatistes régionaux et ethniques, les problèmes des droits de la personne qui sont liés aux migrations, la situation des réfugiés et les problèmes résultant de l'émigration des intellectuels russes. L'analyse est fondée sur des statistiques démographiques officielles et plusieurs études sociologiques. Elle traite surtout de la période 1990-1993. Le postscriptum décrit les développements récents

Interethnic Relations and Migration Processes on the Regional Level: Current Issues and Trends

The article discusses the issues and trends of interethnic relations on the regional level. We suppose that migration processes have a direct influence upon them. Our hypothesis is that interethnic relations between the communities that traditionally reside in a specific region are fundamentally different from those established by recent migrants. For the former, the role of ethnicity is less important while the priority is given to the civil identity, which leads to the formation of supraethnic integrative images, mitigating interethnic conflicts. For the latter category of communities, the ethno-cultural boundaries are still strong, ethnic identity is prioritized and interethnic tension is aggravated by language and social barriers. We believe that when the regional authorities are seeking to harmonize interethnic relations, they are making a fundamental mistake by focusing on the first category of ethnic groups and ignoring the second. Interethnic tension mostly results from migration and the negative public perception of migrants, which causes a number of social and psychological problems. Our analysis explores the key factors shaping the attitude towards migrants and thus, creating interethnic tensions. We carried out a questionnaire survey in 2011 and also analyzed the results of the surveys conducted between 2008 and 2015, censuses and analytical reports on migration. Regional authorities may bene t from the results of our research by modifying their national and migration policies. This study may also be useful to other governmental agencies engaged in social and economic forecasting, especially concerning social tensions in the region

Contextualizing immigrant inter-wave dynamics and the consequences for migration processes

What drives international migration? Theories of migration networks, migration culture, migration systems and cumulative causation suggest that once a critical threshold level of migrants have settled, migration tends to stimulate the creation of social and economic structures that make the process of migration self-perpetuating (cf. Massey et al. 1987; de Haas 2010). One important aspect of the theory is that the more migrants from a particular locality settle in one place, their presence, assistance and established structures in the destination country act as incentives for others to follow in their footsteps, which emphasizes the instrumental role of pioneers’ agency in influencing others to follow suit. A historical perspective on the migration from Ukraine to the United Kingdom and the Netherlands challenges this assumption. While substantial numbers of migrants have settled in those destinations, migration, especially in the last 20 years, has not developed into large, self-sustaining migration systems (in comparison to the dynamic migration linkages between Ukraine and Southern European countries such as Portugal, Italy and Greece). Trying to understand why migration has not taken off, we argue that the role of settled pioneer migrants and their community structures in assisting others to follow in their footsteps should not be taken for granted. We argue that the role of pioneers is much more ambiguous and complex, and the relevant question about ‘bridgeheads’ and ‘gatekeepers’ (cf. Böcker 1994) should not be that of ‘either/or’ but ‘how much’, ‘to what extent’ or ‘under what conditions’.migration system, cumulative causation, Ukrainian migration, pioneer migrants, migration waves, United Kingdom, Netherlands

Families and Generations in Migration Processes

In recent years, the issue of international migration is very topical and present in the global public debate, where the countries bordering the Mediterranean area are often protagonists, as places of departure, transit and destination of the migration flow. In particular, many scholars addressed the transnational experience of families and conceptualized international migrants and their kin as transnational families with increased mobility and improvements in both travel and communication technologies, more and more people are in fact experiencing transnational family lives. The main purpose of the issue is to provide an overview of different viewpoints on the relationships between migration processes and the ties among generations in migrant families. More specifically, the issue will try to offer innovative perspectives on how these specific relations are maintained, changed, reconstructed across time and space in the experiences of generations in migration. The analysis of specific intergenerational relationships within the same family is important to look for different strategies that people use to keep and develop a cultural identity that is in the middle of at least two different cultures. Examples of these are values and family traditions, food and language and so on, the could be very different from the country of destination. Another important issue is the differences among generations (first, second third and so on) in the migration flow. What about those who firstly migrate and those born in the new country? Is there the same perception of family\u2019s ties with those living in the country of origin? This special issue includes studies across countries or regions of the world, that specifically focus on the strategies of different generations within the same families to continue \u201ca sense of family\u201d even after physical separation due to migration. We welcome a variety of disciplinary perspectives in the humanities and social sciences, as well as in interdisciplinary, intersectional and critical approaches. Some questions are: what the main strategies for intergenerational relationships in migrant families? How are cultural values, identity belongings and family stories transmitted, created or forgotten in the migration processes? Which paths of migration reinforce/destroy the family intergenerational chain more than other

The conflict interaction between two complex systems. Cyclic migration

We construct and study a discrete time model describing the conflict interaction between two complex systems with non-trivial internal structures. The external conflict interaction is based on the model of alternative interaction between a pair of non-annihilating opponents. The internal conflict dynamics is similar to the one of a predator-prey model. We show that the typical trajectory of the complex system converges to an asymptotic attractive cycle. We propose an interpretation of our model in terms of migration processes