Lo real y lo virtual en la neurociencia: ¿inteligencia artificial o tránsito hacia una nueva metaciencia?

El materialismo eliminativo de Libet pretendió salvar las paradojas del empiriocriticismo de Mach, llevando a cabo una rigorosa comprobación empírica de tres supuestos: la validez de un paralelismo psicofísico mente-cerebro, de una inteligencia automática y de un paralelismo psicosocial igualmente inconsciente. Sin embargo la metaciencia cognitiva ha vuelto a hacer notar la interacción explicativo-comprensiva y real-virtual que ya Dilthey postuló entre ellos.The eliminative materialism of Libet tried to save the paradoxes of the empirio-criticism of Mach, contributing a mental experiment in defence of three supposed ones: the validity of a psycho-physic parallelism mind-brain, of an automatic intelligence and an equally unconscious psycho-social parallelism. Nevertheless the cognitive meta-science has returned to make notice the explanatory-comprehensive and real-virtual interaction that already Dilthey postulated among them

Individual emergence in contextual analysis

Located within the tradition of Hermeneutic Dialectics (HD) this paper offers an approach which can further an analysis of a fit between information and organizational systems. Drawn upon Information Systems Development projects a relationship between theory and practice is aided through a multi-disciplinary approach to sense making activity. Using a contemporary version of contextual analysis to understand a way in which individuals construct adapt and create meaning from their environment offers a route to improve a systems analysis process. This type of enquiry into contextual dependencies of knowledge creation can help direct a development of systems that have the intention to serve specific organizational actors and their needs. Combining methods outside of a traditional polar divide, sense making research undertaken within a systems thinking arena can enrich understanding by complementing qualitative and / or quantitative analysis with reflective depth. Drawing together interdisciplinary strands through a critical systems thinking approach offers new levels of professionalism for computer- and management-, practitioners or researchers in the 21st Century

Transhumanism and epistemology

The author analyzes the main epistemological orientations characterizing the transhumanist movement, by referring to the results of a recent internal survey. He argues that these data imply a sub-optimal communication between the transhumanist movement and the external world, since its utopian reputation is in contrast with the pragmatic approach to science of most transhumanists. Finally, by shifting from a descriptive perspective to a normative one, he proposes "critical scientism" as an acceptable compromise among the different philosophical souls of the movement and, especially, between scientism and postmodernism

Topography of Generically Folded Spacecapes: Towards a Cognitive Metatheory in Architectural Design

If we visualize philosophy as a science of the sciences (in the tradition of Hans Heinz Holz), then theories within the philosophical framework are always meta-theories of the respective field of interest in question with which philosophy is actually dealing. Hence, a philosophy of architecture in particular, shows up as a meta-theory of theories of architecture with respect to all the possible conditions that are necessary to actually constitute its characteristic field of interest (including the social modes of communication). As we can easily see, it is also a cognitive meta-theory in the first place (i.e. one of the human condition). If then, traditionally, philosophy can also be visualized as being primarily constituted by four components that turn to its topic, namely by means of historical analysis, scientific approach, aesthetical and ethical conceptualizations, respectively, we can recognize that the second and the third overlap somehow with the architectural activities. This is certainly true since the establishment of architecture as a field of activity of its own, separated from building and engineering, as was achieved in the epoch of the Italian Renaissance by Brunelleschi, Alberti, and others.Peer Reviewe

Transformation Into the “God”: Study of Critic–elaborative Axiology of Islamic Education with Philosophical Sufism

Melahirkan al-insan al-kamil merupakan tujuan tertinggi (ultimate aim) dari pendidikan Islam dan tasawuf falsafi. Konstruksi manusia ini bisa dimunculkan melalui pendidikan yang menginternalisasikan sifat-sifat ketuhanan dalam diri subjek pendidikan. Karenanya, antara filsafat pendidikan Islam dengan tasawuf falsafi memiliki relasi dialektis untuk mewujudkan manusia menjadi “Tuhan”. Oleh sebab itu, artikel ini fokus pada konstruksi tujuan pendidikan Islam dalam mewujudkan al-insan al-kamil yang memiliki kesamaan dengan tujuan tasawuf falsafi. Tujuannya, untuk menganalisis dan memahami konstruksi upaya transformasi manusia menjadi “Tuhan” sebagai orientasi aksiologis pendidikan Islam dan tasawuf falsafi. Karenanya, artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan untuk mengurai fokus dan tujuan riset tersebut. Sedangkan analisa data digunakan metode content analysis dan interpretasi. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa proses mewujudkan tujuan pendidikan Islam yang diintegrasikan dengan tujuan tasawuf falsafi mampu mendorong lahirnya manusia ideal (al-insan al-kamil). Manusia yang memiliki kesempurnaan pada aspek intelektualitas, emosional, dan spiritualitas sebagai sosok khalifah maupun abdullah. Manusia model ini di dalam formulasi tasawuf falsafi merupakan manusia yang telah “menyatu” dengan Tuhan; atau manusia yang mentransformasi diri menjadi “Tuhan”. Implikasi praktis riset ini, pendidikan Islam pada dimensi teologis-filosofis harus terus menyatukan orientasi aksiologis (pendidikan Islam dan tasawuf falsafi) untuk diaplikasikan dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam

Research Objects: Towards Exchange and Reuse of Digital Knowledge

What will researchers be publishing in the future? Whilst there is little question that the Web will be the publication platform, as scholars move away from paper towards digital content, there is a need for mechanisms that support the production of self-contained units of knowledge and facilitate the publication, sharing and reuse of such entities. In this paper we discuss the notion of research objects, semantically rich aggregations of resources, that possess some scientifi?c intent or support some research objective. We present a number of principles that we expect such objects and their associated services to follow

Consciousness and Cosmos: Building an Ontological Framework

Contemporary theories of consciousness are based on widely different concepts of its nature, most or all of which probably embody aspects of the truth about it. Starting with a concept of consciousness indicated by the phrase “the feeling of what happens” (the title of a book by Antonio Damásio), we attempt to build a framework capable of supporting and resolving divergent views. We picture consciousness in terms of Reality experiencing itself from the perspective of cognitive agents. Each conscious experience is regarded as composed of momentary feeling events that are combined by recognition and evaluation into extended conscious episodes that bind cognitive contents with a wide range of apparent durations (0.1 secs to 2 or more secs, for us humans, depending on circumstances and context). Three necessary conditions for the existence of consciousness are identified: a) a ground of Reality, envisaged as an universal field of potentiality encompassing all possible manifestations, whether material or 'mental'; b) a transitional zone, leading to; c) a manifest world with its fundamental divisions into material, 'informational' and quale-endowed aspects. We explore ideas about the nature of these necessary conditions, how they may relate to one another and whether our suggestions have empirical implications

Scientific Models of Human Health Risk Analysis in Legal and Policy Decisions

The quality of scientific predictions of risk in the courtroom and policy arena rests in large measure on how the two differences between normal practice and the legal/policy practice of science are reconciled. This article considers a variety of issues that arise in reconciling these differences, and the problems that remain with scientific estimates of risk when these are used in decisions