Geography of the Malay Dialect in Kapuas Hulu Regency West Kalimantan

The purposes of this study entitled "Geography of the Malay Language Dialect in Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan" are: to describe the lexical variation; to map the lexical variation of Malay dialects; to calculate the differences in the variation of the Malay language; to make a lexical isogloss file in Malay. Three data analysis methods: synchronous comparative method, dialectometric formula to calculate the number of lexical differences in the percentage between observation points, and isogloss file to separate the language variation between observation points in percentage. The research indicated five main findings. First, it produced a description of the variation of the Malay language at 9 observation points. Second, the calculation of lexical differences between observation points in the study area, the lowest difference is at observation points 3 – 4 = 9.5, the highest contrast is at observation points 6 – 7 = 43. Third, the dialectometry calculation results found that language variations in the research area consisted of sub-dialects and speech differences. Fourth, the linguistic distance between observation points is the lowest percentage of 9.5% in area 3 – 4. The linguistic distance between observation points in the highest percentage of 43% was found at observation points 6 – 7. Mapping the lexical variation of Malay found indicated 6 subdialect variations. Fifth, the isogloss line that separates the most language variations through the isogloss file separated the observation points 6 and 7 as many as 43 files. The isogloss file is at least 9.5 files separating observation points 3 and 4

Pasvalio geolektas: tarminės ypatybės dialektometrijos požiūriu

Using dialectometric methods and instruments, the article analyzes one of the new dialectal derivatives – the geolect of Pasvalys, located in the northern part of Eastern Aukštaitians of Panevėžys. The aim is to find the strong and weak dialectal features of this geolect and to identify its dominant dialectal variants. 10-hour recordings and 60 simple-structure sentences reflecting the primary, secondary and tertiary dialectal features have been analyzed in order to achieve the research aim. The recorded sentences were uttered by nine respondents of three generations: the oldest, the middle-aged and the youngest. The respondents live in the regions of Joniškėlis, Pasvalys and Daujėnai, which are interconnected by the strongest, closest, densest and the most complex socio-cultural networks. The dialectal data, which includes the recorded sentences transcribed by IPA, was statistically calculated and quantified using the tools of the Gabmap software. The network pseudo map, reference point pseudo maps, cluster analysis pseudo maps and differential dialectal features were analyzed.   The quantitative data analysis has shown that the dialectal variant used in the regions of Joniškėlis, Pasvalys and possibly Daujėnai is affected by the processes of convergence. The most stable dialectal features are used in the region of Joniškėlis. They (as well as the forms of standard language) change or supplement the dialectal features of the subdialects of Pasvalys and Daujėnai spoken in the eastern part of the area of Eastern Aukštaitians of ​​Panevėžys (the direction of its spread is the eastern part of the area of ​​the subdialect) and form the basis of the dialectal features of Pasvalys geolect. Both stable and changing primary, secondary and tertiary dialectal features were found in the speech of the respondents of all the three-generations. The change of dialectal features, or convergence, is the strongest in the youngest generation. It is similarly strong in the middle-aged and in the oldest generations. However, in the speech of young people, most of the primary dialectal features coexist with the secondary and tertiary ones. Thus, the formation of Pasvalys geolect is based on the more stable (rather than changing) strong variant used in Joniškėlis, which is marked by a high degree of vitality.Straipsnyje dialektometrijos metodais ir įrankiais nagrinėjamas vienas iš naujųjų tarminių darinių – rytų aukštaičių panevėžiškių šiaurinėje dalyje lokalizuotas Pasvalio geolektas. Siekiama nustatyti stipriąsias ir silpnąsias Pasvalio geolekto tarmines ypatybes ir identifikuoti dominuojantį tarminį variantą jame. Tikslui pasiekti nagrinėta apie 10 val. garso įrašų ir 60 nesudėtingos konstrukcijos sakinių, iliustruojančių skiriamąsias, būdingąsias ir blankiąsias tarmines ypatybes. Juos įskaitė 9 vyresniosios, vidurinės ir jaunesniosios kartos respondentai, gyvenantys Joniškėlio, Pasvalio ir Daujėnų apylinkėse. Kompiuterine programa Gabmap kiekybiškai išanalizavus duomenis, nustatyta ir stabilių, ir kintančių variantų visuose trijų kartų vartojamų tarminių ypatybių lygmenyse. Joniškėlio, Pasvalio ir galimai Daujėnų apylinkėse vartojamas tarminis variantas yra paveiktas horizontaliosios ir vertikaliosios konvergencijos procesų: stipriausios tarminės ypatybės vartojamos Joniškėlio apylinkėse, jos keičia arba papildo Pasvalio ir Daujėnų, rytinės panevėžiškių ploto dalies, šnektų tarminius požymius (skvarbos kryptis – rytinė patarmės ploto pusė) ir sudaro Pasvalio geolekto tarminių požymių pagrindą

Studying dialects to understand human language

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-71).This thesis investigates the study of dialect variations as a way to understand how humans might process speech. It evaluates some of the important research in dialect identification and draws conclusions about how their results can give insights into human speech processing. A study clustering dialects using k-means clustering is done. Self-organizing maps are proposed as a tool for dialect research, and a self-organizing map is implemented for the purposes of testing this. Several areas for further research are identified, including how dialects are stored in the brain, more detailed descriptions of how dialects vary, including contextual effects, and more sophisticated visualization tools. Keywords: dialect, accent, identification, recognition, self-organizing maps, words, lexical sets, clustering.by Akua Afriyie Nti.M.Eng

Measuring Norwegian Dialect Distances using Acoustic Features

Computational dialectometry has been proven to be useful for finding dialect relationships and identifying dialect areas. The first to develop a method of measuring dialect distances was Jean Séguy, assisted and inspired by Henri Guiter (Chambers and Trudgill, 1998). Strongly related to the methodology of Séguy i