Bibliografía

Bibliograph

Bibliografía

Bibliograph

An intersectional approach to analyse gender productivity and open access: a bibliometric analysis of the Italian National Research Council

AbstractGender equality and Open Access (OA) are priorities within the European Research Area and cross-cutting issues in European research program H2020. Gender and openness are also key elements of responsible research and innovation. However, despite the common underlying targets of fostering an inclusive, transparent and sustainable research environment, both issues are analysed as independent topics. This paper represents a first exploration of the inter-linkages between gender and OA analysing the scientific production of researchers of the Italian National Research Council under a gender perspective integrated with the different OA publications modes. A bibliometric analysis was carried out for articles published in the period 2016–2018 and retrieved from the Web of Science. Results are presented constantly analysing CNR scientific production in relation to gender, disciplinary fields and OA publication modes. These variables are also used when analysing articles that receive financial support. Our results indicate that gender disparities in scientific production still persist particularly in STEM disciplines, while the gender gap is the closest to parity in medical and agricultural sciences. A positive dynamic toward OA publishing and women's scientific production is shown when disciplines with well-established open practices are related to articles supported by funds. A slightly higher women's propensity toward OA is shown when considering Gold OA, or authorships with women in the first and last article by-line position. The prevalence of Italian funded articles with women's contributions published in Gold OA journals seems to confirm this tendency, especially if considering the weak enforcement of the Italian OA policies

Production et usage de la littérature en libre accès : une comparaison internationale

Le libre accès est un processus qui vise à rendre les résultats de recherche disponibles gratuitement en ligne, permettant de lire, télécharger, copier, distribuer, imprimer, rechercher ou partager leur contenu, sans barrière légale ou technique. Le mouvement a récemment gagné de l’ampleur avec l’implémentation de politiques de libre accès par les organismes subventionnaires et le développement de plateformes facilitant la diffusion de la science telles que l’Open Journal System, Érudit et SciELO. Actuellement, des études estiment que près de la moitié des articles scientifiques sont disponibles en ligne gratuitement. À ce jour, plusieurs aspects du libre accès ont été abordés dans la littérature scientifique tels que la disponibilité des articles, l’avantage en termes de citations des articles en libre accès et les effets des politiques de libre accès. Cependant, peu de chercheurs ont abordé l’utilisation du libre accès à l’échelle mondiale. L’objectif de ce mémoire de maîtrise est de fournir un portrait à jour de l’adoption du libre accès à l’échelle globale selon deux indicateurs, soit le nombre de publications en libre accès et le nombre de références faites aux articles en libre accès. Nos résultats montrent que les pays pauvres publient et utilisent davantage la recherche en libre accès que les autres pays, tandis que les pays ayant un revenu intermédiaire de la classe supérieure se comportent d’une façon semblable aux pays riches. Ces résultats démontrent l’importance des initiatives pour la promotion du libre accès à l’échelle locale, nationale et internationale, particulièrement pour les pays de la classe de revenu intermédiaire où les infrastructures et le nombre de mandats de libre accès sont limités.Open Access (OA) is a process that aims to make research output freely available on the public internet, allowing the users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search or link to the full text without any financial, legal or technical barrier. OA has often been suggested as a potential solution to several problems related to the scientific publishing industry: a minority of for profit editors accounting for half of the entire publishing industry, important budget cuts and rising subscription prices in academic libraries, and access to knowledge in lower-income countries. The OA movement originated from the growing demand to make research more accessible worldwide. It has been gaining a lot of momentum, with the implementation of several OA policies by funding institutions and the development of several new platforms (e.g., Open Journal System, African Journals Online, SciELO, and Érudit) that facilitate the publication of OA content at low cost. Studies have shown that between 20% and 50% of research articles are currently available online at no cost, but only a few have compared the use of OA literature at the country level and from a worldwide perspective. Along these lines, this master’s thesis aims to provide a global picture of the current state of OA adoption by countries, using two indicators: publications in OA and references to articles in OA. We find that, on average, low-income countries are publishing and citing OA at the highest rate, while upper-middle income countries and higher income countries publish and cite OA articles at below world-average rates. These results highlight national differences in OA uptake and suggest that more OA initiatives at the institutional, national and international levels are needed to support a wider adoption of open scholarship