La Responsabilité Sociétale de L'entreprise et Les Réactions des Parties Prenantes : le Cas de L'opérateur Téléphonique Mtn et des Utilisateurs de Téléphonie Mobile au Bénin

The purpose of this research is to understand the mechanisms by which the actions of corporate social responsibility can affect organizational commitment and organizational identification consumers. From an experiment performed with video support of social responsibility of the telephone operator MTN Benin, data were collected from a sample of judgment seven hundred and ten mobile phone users. The analysis shows that the consumer perception of the actions of social responsibility of the company affects their commitment and organizational identification. Socially responsible consumption appears as a moderating variable to put direct links days. However, the communication by the company on its "good deeds" does not seem to affect these relationships

L’organisation et la gestion de l’espace dans la langue et la culture igbo du Nigeria

This study based on Igbo language and literature – especially proverbs and folktales – focuses on the use of space, the way it is distributed, organised and managed. It reveals a highly structured use of a communal space organised around the person, considered as member of the group. Traditions, which protect the communal space and ensure its being handed down from one generation to the next, equally give everyone an individual share in it. This space is both versatile and highly partitioned, closely managed and distributed according to age, gender and the sons’ rank in the family. Folktales describe the human world, represented by the village where life revolves around the house and the market, as close to that of the spirits, with the forest and the stream acting as boundaries. Humans and spirits share this space on the understanding that men are only managing it for a while as representatives of their family

Le rôle du collatéral dans le report des investissements en présence d’asymétries d’information

Cet article étudie les liens potentiels qui peuvent exister entre la disponibilité du collatéral pour les firmes et leurs décisions d’investissement. Nous identifions d’abord sous quelles conditions le collatéral apparaît de façon optimale dans les contrats financiers. Puis, sous ces conditions, nous considérons comment le collatéral, lorsque soumis à des chocs exogènes, peut être la source du report des investissements à une période ultérieure. En particulier, nous démontrons que des chocs permanents au collatéral peuvent causer des changements temporaires dans les décisions d’investissement. Un lien est ainsi créé entre le fonctionnement des marchés financiers et les décisions d’investissement des entreprises.This article studies the potential links between the value of collateral and the investment decisions made by firms. We show that the use of collateral is an endogenous response to the presence of asymmetric information in financial markets. We then show that permanent shocks to the value of collateral can cause firms to temporarily postpone their investments. This creates a link between imperfections in financial markets and investment decisions made by firms

Le rôle du collatéral dans le report des investissements en présence d’asymétries d’information

Cet article étudie les liens potentiels qui peuvent exister entre la disponibilité du collatéral pour les firmes et leurs décisions d’investissement. Nous identifions d’abord sous quelles conditions le collatéral apparaît de façon optimale dans les contrats financiers. Puis, sous ces conditions, nous considérons comment le collatéral, lorsque soumis à des chocs exogènes, peut être la source du report des investissements à une période ultérieure. En particulier, nous démontrons que des chocs permanents au collatéral peuvent causer des changements temporaires dans les décisions d’investissement. Un lien est ainsi créé entre le fonctionnement des marchés financiers et les décisions d’investissement des entreprises.This article studies the potential links between the value of collateral and the investment decisions made by firms. We show that the use of collateral is an endogenous response to the presence of asymmetric information in financial markets. We then show that permanent shocks to the value of collateral can cause firms to temporarily postpone their investments. This creates a link between imperfections in financial markets and investment decisions made by firms

Le rire dans la littérature populaire vietnamienne à l’époque féodale

I would like to focus on some aspects tied up with Laughter in Vietnamese popular literature in the feudal time, namely the Middle Age period and more specifically from the Xth to the XIVth centuries. The Vietnamese popular literature, of people’s creative endeavour and commonly of oral transmission from generation to generation, has largely contributed to characterize the Vietnamese culture and its national identity. Further back in time claimed Rabelais «Rire est le propre de l’homme». In the multi-millennial Vietnamese culture, laughter, embedded with an instructive/pedagogic significance while inculcating ethic values in its criticism of vicious and sinful conduct, has played an important role on people’s everyday life, simultaneously creating moments of joy, of entertainment, i.e. comic relief. Indeed, one laughs at misshapenness often linked to mistakes or the fake. The bad is the comic’s theme. One never laughs at beautiful and pleasant issues. Sometimes, bad is one’s inner feature without one’s own awareness. Thus, one tries to show one’s beauty. It is precisely in this paradoxical relation that bad becomes above all laughter’s origin. Laughter is also a weapon against negative phenomena greatly featuring the feudal society. In so doing, laughter has a deep social meaning. Vietnamese popular literature falls back to a great extent upon the comic, everyday laughter. For the Vietnamese commonly optimistic people, enjoying life, laughter is deeply and outstandingly imbued of a comic dimension. All along their history the Vietnamese have created a large number of bawdy stories aimed at satisfying their needs both for entertainment and struggle against negative influences, sins or even social inequalities and oppression. As a matter of fact, the Vietnamese popular literature comprises a valuable set of tales of comic nature, popular songs, as well as satiric poems, fables, buffoon’s tall tales (from popular theatre - Sân Khâu Chèo) making use of strategies to arouse laughter. Indeed, these are the underpinnings of the extremely rich satiric popular literature. 1 Actas do Colóquio Internacional «O Riso na Cultura Medieval» @ Universidade Aberta – Todos os direitos reservados 2 Actas do Colóquio Internacional «O Riso na Cultura Medieval» @ Universidade Aberta – Todos os direitos reservados Some Vietnamese popular tales, excerpts of buffoon’s roles in the popular theatre «Chèo» will be presented to describe the object of laughter and its triggering strategies. In the Vietnamese History, not only entailing the feudal period but also the contemporary one, laughter has always built on a satiric discursive component in the Vietnamese popular literature. Indeed, this literature constitutes a rich diversified treasure deeply inculcated in the Vietnamese culture, also shaping the borderlines of its national identity

L’éthique et l’exercice de l’autonomie professionnelle des intervenants psychosociaux oeuvrant auprès des aînés maltraités

Le caractère complexe des difficultés rencontrées dans l’exercice du jugement clinique et dans la prise de décision engendre chez les intervenants psychosociaux qui travaillent auprès des personnes aînées maltraitées un certain malaise et des problèmes éthiques. Dans un contexte sociolégal et une organisation des pratiques flous, nous proposons une réflexion sur l’exercice de l’autonomie professionnelle de ces intervenants dans leurs organisations. Pour explorer ce phénomène, des entrevues en profondeur (récits de pratique) ont été menées auprès de 16 intervenants psychosociaux provenant des milieux communautaires ou travaillant dans le réseau public. L’analyse des récits de pratique permet d’illustrer les aspects positifs et négatifs de l’exercice de l’autonomie professionnelle par l’intervenant psychosocial oeuvrant auprès des personnes aînées victimes de mauvais traitements. Des extraits d’entrevues illustrent l’importance des contraintes organisationnelles et la complexité des interventions. Des pistes de solution permettant d’améliorer les conditions de pratique sont dégagées.The complex nature of the difficulties encountered in the application of clinical judgement and decision making, generates a certain discomfort as well as ethical problems for psychosocial interventionists working with mistreated older adults. In non explicit sociolegal and organisational contexts, we question the professional autonomy which the practitioners exercise within their organisation. To explore this phenomenon, in-depth interviews (practice narratives) were conducted with 16 psychosocial interventionists stemming from community milieus or working in the public system. The analysis of the practical narratives shows the positive and the negative aspects of the exercise of professional autonomy for the psychosocial interventionist working alongside mistreated older adults. Interview exerts allow the illustration of the importance of organisational constraints and the complexity of interventions. Solution ideas are proposed to permit the amelioration of practice conditions

Quelques réflexions sur les mauvais traitements et la négligence exercés à l’endroit des personnes âgées

Le présent article passe en revue les écrits décrivant les caractéristiques des aînés, vivant dans la communauté, qui souffrent de mauvais traitements ou de négligence exercés par une personne de confiance. La littérature sur le sujet présente les caractéristiques des aînés qui risquent d'être victimes de mauvais traitements ou de négligence, les caractéristiques des aidants naturels qui sont des agresseurs potentiels et les facteurs sociaux et culturels pouvant mener à de tels abus. L'article suggère que c'est l'interaction entre les traits caractéristiques des aînés, ceux des agresseurs et le contexte d'aide qui contribue à la situation d'abus plutôt que les facteurs individuels. Enfin, l'auteure propose une nouvelle approche pour le travailleur social et des stratégies d'intervention qui redonneraient leur pouvoir aux personnes âgées, leur permettant ainsi de sortir de leur état d'impuissance.This article reviews the literature regarding characteristics of community-based seniors who are abused or neglected by a person in a position of trust. The literature presents characteristics of seniors at risk of being victims, characteristics of informal caregivers who are likely to be abusive, and characteristics in the social and cultural environment which may contribute to the abuse. The article argues that the combined interacting factors of abused seniors, abusers and the social context of care probably contribute to the abuse rather than individual factors. Finally, the role of the social worker and possible intervention strategies are suggested to empower the abused seniors to move out of their powerless states