Gymnasial Buildings and Sanctuaries. A Contribution to the Formation of the Palaestra and an Interpretation of the So-Called ‘Echo Stoa’

Das Aufkommen der Palästra als Gebäude in Form eines Peristyls kann ins letzte Drittel des 4. Jhs. v. Chr. datiert werden, wobei die schriftlichen Quellen zeigen, dass es bereits früher Palästren gab. Von diesen ist aber noch keine sicher identifiziert worden. In diesem Beitrag wird davon ausgegangen, dass einige Gebäude in außerstädtischen Heiligtümern auf der Peloponnes, die mit Funktionen des Sports, des Wettkampfs und der Körperpflege verbunden werden können, solche frühen Palästren repräsentieren. Die Beispiele in den großen Heiligtümern von Nemea und Epidauros führen zum Gebäudekomplex der Echo-Stoa in Olympia, der sehr wahrscheinlich als erste Palästra in dem Heiligtum angesprochen werden kann

Dynamic exponential utility indifference valuation

We study the dynamics of the exponential utility indifference value process C(B;\alpha) for a contingent claim B in a semimartingale model with a general continuous filtration. We prove that C(B;\alpha) is (the first component of) the unique solution of a backward stochastic differential equation with a quadratic generator and obtain BMO estimates for the components of this solution. This allows us to prove several new results about C_t(B;\alpha). We obtain continuity in B and local Lipschitz-continuity in the risk aversion \alpha, uniformly in t, and we extend earlier results on the asymptotic behavior as \alpha\searrow0 or \alpha\nearrow\infty to our general setting. Moreover, we also prove convergence of the corresponding hedging strategies.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051605000000395 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Backward Stochastic PDEs Related to the Utility Maximization Problem

We study utility maximization problem for general utility functions using dynamic programming approach. We consider an incomplete financial market model, where the dynamics of asset prices are described by an Rd-valued continuous semimartingale. Under some regularity assumptions we derive backward stochastic partial differential equation (BSPDE) related directly to the primal problem and show that the strategy is optimal if and only if the corresponding wealth process satisfies a certain forward-SDE. As examples the cases of power, exponential and logarithmic utilities are consideredBackward stochastic partial dierential equation, utility maximization problem, semimartingale, incomplete markets

Early clinical predictors and correlates of long-term morbidity in bipolar disorder

OBJECTIVES: Identifying factors predictive of long-term morbidity should improve clinical planning limiting disability and mortality associated with bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS: We analyzed factors associated with total, depressive and mania-related long-term morbidity and their ratio D/M, as %-time ill between a first-lifetime major affective episode and last follow-up of 207 BD subjects. Bivariate comparisons were followed by multivariable linear regression modeling. RESULTS: Total % of months ill during follow-up was greater in 96 BD-II (40.2%) than 111 BD-I subjects (28.4%; P=0.001). Time in depression averaged 26.1% in BD-II and 14.3% in BD-I, whereas mania-related morbidity was similar in both, averaging 13.9%. Their ratio D/M was 3.7-fold greater in BD-II than BD-I (5.74 vs. 1.96; P<0.0001). Predictive factors independently associated with total %-time ill were: [a] BD-II diagnosis, [b] longer prodrome from antecedents to first affective episode, and [c] any psychiatric comorbidity. Associated with %-time depressed were: [a] BD-II diagnosis, [b] any antecedent psychiatric syndrome, [c] psychiatric comorbidity, and [d] agitated/psychotic depressive first affective episode. Associated with %-time in mania-like illness were: [a] fewer years ill and [b] (hypo)manic first affective episode. The long-term D/M morbidity ratio was associated with: [a] anxious temperament, [b] depressive first episode, and [c] BD-II diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term depressive greatly exceeded mania-like morbidity in BD patients. BD-II subjects spent 42% more time ill overall, with a 3.7-times greater D/M morbidity ratio, than BD-I. More time depressed was predicted by agitated/psychotic initial depressive episodes, psychiatric comorbidity, and BD-II diagnosis. Longer prodrome and any antecedent psychiatric syndrome were respectively associated with total and depressive morbidity

Static and Dynamic Thermomechanical Buckling Loads of Functionally Graded Plates.

In the paper the buckling phenomenon for static and dynamic loading (pulse of finite duration) of FGM plates subjected to simultaneous action of one directional compression and thermal field is presented. Thin, rectangular plates simply supported along all edges are considered. The investigations are conducted for different values of volume fraction exponent and uniform temperature rise in conjunction with mechanical dynamic pulse loading of finite duration