9 research outputs found
Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting Reconstruction via Spatiotemporal Convolutional Neural Networks
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) quantifies multiple nuclear magnetic
resonance parameters in a single and fast acquisition. Standard MRF
reconstructs parametric maps using dictionary matching, which lacks scalability
due to computational inefficiency. We propose to perform MRF map reconstruction
using a spatiotemporal convolutional neural network, which exploits the
relationship between neighboring MRF signal evolutions to replace the
dictionary matching. We evaluate our method on multiparametric brain scans and
compare it to three recent MRF reconstruction approaches. Our method achieves
state-of-the-art reconstruction accuracy and yields qualitatively more
appealing maps compared to other reconstruction methods. In addition, the
reconstruction time is significantly reduced compared to a dictionary-based
approach.Comment: Accepted for Machine Learning for Medical Image Reconstruction
(MLMIR) workshop at MICCAI 2018. The revision corrects Amaresha's last name
and Section 2.1 (scanner type and flip angles
Learning Bloch Simulations for MR Fingerprinting by Invertible Neural Networks
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) enables fast and multiparametric MR
imaging. Despite fast acquisition, the state-of-the-art reconstruction of MRF
based on dictionary matching is slow and lacks scalability. To overcome these
limitations, neural network (NN) approaches estimating MR parameters from
fingerprints have been proposed recently. Here, we revisit NN-based MRF
reconstruction to jointly learn the forward process from MR parameters to
fingerprints and the backward process from fingerprints to MR parameters by
leveraging invertible neural networks (INNs). As a proof-of-concept, we perform
various experiments showing the benefit of learning the forward process, i.e.,
the Bloch simulations, for improved MR parameter estimation. The benefit
especially accentuates when MR parameter estimation is difficult due to MR
physical restrictions. Therefore, INNs might be a feasible alternative to the
current solely backward-based NNs for MRF reconstruction.Comment: Accepted at MICCAI MLMIR 202
Rapid three-dimensional multiparametric MRI with quantitative transient-state imaging
Novel methods for quantitative, transient-state multiparametric imaging are
increasingly being demonstrated for assessment of disease and treatment
efficacy. Here, we build on these by assessing the most common Non-Cartesian
readout trajectories (2D/3D radials and spirals), demonstrating efficient
anti-aliasing with a k-space view-sharing technique, and proposing novel
methods for parameter inference with neural networks that incorporate the
estimation of proton density. Our results show good agreement with gold
standard and phantom references for all readout trajectories at 1.5T and 3T.
Parameters inferred with the neural network were within 6.58% difference from
the parameters inferred with a high-resolution dictionary. Concordance
correlation coefficients were above 0.92 and the normalized root mean squared
error ranged between 4.2% - 12.7% with respect to gold-standard phantom
references for T1 and T2. In vivo acquisitions demonstrate sub-millimetric
isotropic resolution in under five minutes with reconstruction and inference
times < 7 minutes. Our 3D quantitative transient-state imaging approach could
enable high-resolution multiparametric tissue quantification within clinically
acceptable acquisition and reconstruction times.Comment: 43 pages, 12 Figures, 5 Table
Inverse regression in MR Fingerprinting: reducing dictionary size while increasing parameters accuracy
Purpose:To reduce dictionary size and increase parameter estimate accuracy in MR Fingerprinting (MRF).Methods:A dictionary-based learning (DBL) method is investigated to bypass inherent MRF limitations in high dimension: reconstruction time and memory requirement. The DBL method is a 3-step procedure: (1) a quasi-random sampling strategy to produce the dictionary, (2) a statistical inverse regression model to learn from the dictionary a probabilistic mapping between MR fingerprints and parameters, and (3) this mapping to provide both parameter estimates and their confidence levels.Results:On synthetic data, experiments show that the quasi-random sampling outperforms the grid when designing the dictionary for inverse regression. Dictionaries up to 100 times smaller than usually employed in MRF yield more accurate parameter estimates with a 500 time gain.Estimates are supplied with a confidence index, well correlated with the estimation bias (r~~0.89). On microvascular MRI data, results show that dictionary-based methods (MRF and DBL) yield more accurate estimates than the conventional, closed-form equation, method.On MRI signals from tumor bearing rats, the DBL method shows very little sensitivity to the dictionary size in contrast to the MRF method.Conclusion:The proposed method efficiently reduces the number of required simulations to produce the dictionary, speeds up parameter estimation, and improve estimates accuracy. The DBL method also introduces a confidence index for each parameter estimate
Optimization with learning-informed differential equation constraints and its applications
Inspired by applications in optimal control of semilinear elliptic partial differential equations and physics-integrated imaging, differential equation constrained optimization problems with constituents that are only accessible through data-driven techniques are studied. A particular focus is on the analysis and on numerical methods for problems with machine-learned components. For a rather general context, an error analysis is provided, and particular properties resulting from artificial neural network based approximations are addressed. Moreover, for each of the two inspiring applications analytical details are presented and numerical results are provided
Optimization with learning-informed differential equation constraints and its applications
Inspired by applications in optimal control of semilinear elliptic partial
differential equations and physics-integrated imaging, differential equation
constrained optimization problems with constituents that are only accessible
through data-driven techniques are studied. A particular focus is on the
analysis and on numerical methods for problems with machine-learned components.
For a rather general context, an error analysis is provided, and particular
properties resulting from artificial neural network based approximations are
addressed. Moreover, for each of the two inspiring applications analytical
details are presented and numerical results are provided