Integration of critical success factors from demand and supply sides to enhance micro financing framework for micro and small enterprises (mses) in Malaysia

Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) play important roles in the Malaysian economy. Access to financing is one of the main constraints for most micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in business survival. The Malaysian government is aware of the financing issues among micro and small enterprises. Therefore, the National SME Development Council has approved the sustainable microfinance framework in 2006 to improve access for financing from financial institutions. However, there are few weaknesses of the micro financing framework, since many micro enterprises are unable to reach the financing facilities. The existing framework only focuses on the side of financial supply but less attention to the demand side, which is important as guidance for MSEs in obtaining financing. Therefore, this research explored the access to financing for MSEs in Malaysia by enhancing the sustainable microfinance framework for MSEs. A mixed method approach (quantitative and qualitative) employed in this research by implementing survey and case study research design. Surveys were conducted to 321 respondents from MSEs while interviews were conducted to six microfinance providers and ten MSEs. The findings of this research were used to enhance the existing microfinance framework. The new framework was enhanced from the existing microfinance framework by integrating the demand and supply side in the framework. The supply side represents the microfinance providers while the demand side represents MSEs. Several elements had been placed in the demand side such as the sources of financing, the major challenges in getting financing and the success factors of micro financing. On the supply side, few elements were included in strategic initiatives. All those elements provide a better understanding of the strategies in getting financing and yet become a guideline for MSEs to be successful in getting external funds for their businesses

Adoption of Information and Communications Technology in Rural Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) : Case of MSEs in South Indian State of Kerala, India

ICT plays a significant role in the life of enterprises. Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) have to be familiar and in tune with ICT applications, within the context of fast evolving global market dynamics. However, how far MSEs of rural India could address this challenge of adoption of ICT within their enterprise level? What are the challenges and opportunities that rural MSEs could accrue from ICT adoption?Micro and Small Enterprises; Rural Enterprises; India; ICT adoption

Child Exploitation and the FIFA World Cup: A review of risks and protective interventions

This review was commissioned by the Child Abuse Programme (CAP) of Oak Foundation, a large international philanthropic organisation. It forms part of CAP’s effort to win societal rejection of practices such as the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents around major sporting events (MSEs), and to embed prevention and protection from exploitation as a permanent concern for global sports-related bodies. This review is intended to inform action in countries that host MSEs and to provide some suggestions on how hosting countries can avoid past pitfalls and mistakes in relation to child exploitation, especially economic and sexual exploitation. Importantly, it also acts as a call to action by those responsible for commissioning and staging MSEs, such as FIFA and the IOC, to anticipate, prepare for and adopt risk mitigation strategies and interventions. Positive leadership from these culturally powerful bodies could prove decisive in shifting hearts, minds and actions in the direction of improved safety for children

Profiling business support provision for small, medium and micro-sized enterprises in London’s fashion sector

The primary aim of this paper is to build a profile of the business support landscape that exists for fashion SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) and MSEs (micro-sized enterprises) in London. In the face of multiple challenges, fashion sector SME/MSEs benefit from the services provided by business support organisations. We have identified 21 fashion support organisations that exist in London. They can be broadly divided into two types of business support organisations: fashion incubators and partial-support organisations, both of which play an equally important role in the sector

Factors influencing micro and small enterprises’ access to finance since the adoption of multi-currency system in Zimbabwe.

Access to financial services is key to Micro and Small Enterprises’ (MSEs) operation and growth in Zimbabwe. A survey was done in a small town (Bindura), medium size city (Kadoma) and the city of Harare (large city) to determine major factors influencing MSEs’ access to finance since the adoption of the multi-currency system in Zimbabwe. A pilot study was done in the city of Gweru to 10 MSEs’. Structured questionnaires were administered to MSEs that have been operating for at least one year as well as registered with the respective town councils and a total of 115 responses were obtained in all the 3 urban areas. The model used was the Binary Logistic model. The best model selected was based on the Omnibus Tests of model coefficients, the Chi-Square tests, the Cox and Snell R-Sqaure and the Nagelkerke R-Squared values. The importance of each factor was determined using the Wald statistic value. The results showed that formality, value of assets, business sector, operating period, financial performance and size are all important factors in determining access to finance.MSEs; Finance; Multi-Currency; Logistic Regression

Accounting and Reporting Practice of Micro and Small Enterprises in West Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Ethiopian MSEs are at early stage of development and face various constraints. One of the most crucial problems is related to proper record keeping and reporting. In order to promote MSEs as engines of growth, it is essential to understand the bottlenecks surrounding MSEs' accounting practice. The main objective of this study is therefore to examine the financial record keeping and reporting practices of MSEs in west Oromia sub-region. 200 sample MSEs selected from three towns in west Oromia region are used for this study. The finding indicated that the majority of MSEs did not keep regular accounting record and prepare periodic financial report. The main reasons mentioned by the respondents includes: smallness of the business, expensiveness of qualified accountants and lack of awareness about the benefits of accounting. The researchers recommend that concerned institutions such as MSEs agency and TVET colleges should arrange training for MSEs Operators. Keywords: Record keeping, Micro and Small Enterprises, Financial reporting

The Labor Force Absorption Improvement of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Indonesia

The aims to determine steps to increase the labor force absorption of the Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) sector. This research using the structural equation model partial least square (SEM-PLS) method with cross-section secondary data within provinces (34 provinces) from the 2016 Economic Census (2017 census). The analysis results showed that the labor force absorption of MSEs in Indonesia was directly and positively affected by the number of MSEs and the income of MSEs. The number of MSEs in Indonesia was positively affected by the education level of MSEs owners. Meanwhile, the income of MSEs was positively affected by the use of the internet (digital technology) of MSEs. The education level of MSE owners was the only factor that had an indirect positive effect on the labor force absorption of MSEs. Increasing the labor force absorption of MSEs in Indonesia can be promoted by strengthening the entrepreneurship curriculum to foster an entrepreneurial spirit in students, especially at the higher education level, to grow the startup businesses. In addition, digital marketing partnerships with various  e-commerce platforms providing marketplaces and online courier service platforms to increase MSEs income are encouraged. Keywords: Entrepreneurship Education, Startup Business, MarketplaceJEL Classification: J23, M20, O1

External Factors Affecting the Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Ethiopia: A Case Study in Shire Indasselassie Town, Tigray

The role of MSEs are not only income and employment generating but also breeding ground for entrepreneurs, has higher employment capacity and not capital intensive, and highly competitive, flexible and innovative. However, MSE growth is affected by a number of factors. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate external factors affecting the growth of MSEs by using semi-structured questionnaire covering 160 randomly selected MSEs from five Kebeles of Shire Indasselassie Town. Binary logistic regression model was employed to test the hypotheses and to analyze the factors affecting the growth of MSEs. The result of the study revealed that access to credit from formal financial sources, access to infrastructure and access to working premise are significant factors for MSEs growth. MSEs having access to sufficient infrastructure and access to own working premise are growing rapidly than of those MSEs that are operating with limited access to infrastructure and operating at rented and family working premise. In addition, MSEs that have no access to credit are rapidly growing than those of MSEs having access to credit. Considering the well recognized importance of MSEs in job creation, income generation and poverty alleviation, all stakeholders (government and non governmental institutions) have the responsibilities to make intensive effort to remove the factors that stand on the growth of the MSE. Keywords: Employment, External, Factor, Growth, Survival

Determinants and Extent of Technical Efficiency of Micro and Small-Scale Enterprises in Ghimbi Town, West Wollega Zone, Ethiopia: Data Envelopment Approach

Over the years, the role of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Ethiopian economic development has become apparent. In order to formulate appropriate policy for improvement of development of MSEs, it is important to examine sources and their level of technical efficiency. The objective of this study is to examine determinants and the extent of technical efficiency of MSEs in West Wollega Zone, Ghimbi town. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select sample MSEs at the study area. Among the total sample of 206, 152 MSEs (73.79 %) are Micro Enterprise and 54 MSEs (26.21 %) are Small Enterprise.  The Finding of Data Envelopment Approach (DEA) revealed the mean level of technical efficiency is 65% for micro-enterprises, 70% for small enterprises and 48.2% for pooled MSEs. These findings revealed that MSEs have huge potential output gains through improving their resource use inefficiency at their exiting inputs and technology. The finding of the Tobit model reveled age of manager, family size, business plan, size of enterprise, managerial training, vocational training and investment in ICT were found to significantly and positively affect efficiency of MSEs while age of enterprise, location of enterprise and access to credit were found to significantly and negatively affect  their efficiency. Enhancing investment in ICT, vocational training, training in preparation of business plan, share capital contribution, education and training of MSEs promoters in business development services are recommended to the concerned bodies to make MSEs operate at their full potential levels. Keywords: DEA, MSEs, Technical Efficiency, Tobit Model, Wollega, Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/JESD/14-1-02 Publication date: January 31st 202

Locating and mitigating risks to children associated with major sporting events

Despite recent efforts to blend sport and human rights, activism for children's rights in sport has historically been marginalised. The positive 'social legacy' of sport events frequently masks more problematic issues, including child exploitation. We argue that harms to children in hosting communities of major sporting events (MSEs) should be a focus for both research and intervention since the plight of such children is currently a political blind spot. The article examines the evidence for four major sources of risk for children associated with such events: child labour, displacement resulting from forced evictions for infrastructure development and street clearance, child sexual exploitation, and human trafficking affecting children. The weakness of the resulting evidence is explained in relation to the methodological and ethical difficulties of conducting research on such hidden and marginal populations and to the fact that risks to children are often masked by adult social problems. It is argued that much more robust research designs, focused specifically on children, are essential in order to verify the many assertions made about risks to children associated with MSEs. Some mitigating interventions are briefly examined and an action plan for risk-mitigation work at future MSEs is proposed. Finally, drawing on wider debates about Centres and Peripheries in social and economic theory, we question whether major international sport organisations might choose to engage with projects like child protection for strategic rather than humanitarian reasons, using them as a kind of ethical fig leaf in order to bolster their power bases against threats from the margins. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor & Francis.The Oak Foundation under Grant code OCAY-13-052