8 research outputs found

    Calibration for a hybrid MIMO near-field imaging system to mitigate antennas effects

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    A calibration method for a high-resolution hybrid MIMO turntable radar imaging system is presented. A line of small metal balls is used in the calibration process to measure the position shift caused by undesired effects of the antennas. The unwanted effects in the near-field antenna response are analysed and significantly mitigated based on the referential features of the MIMO configuration

    Near-filed SAR Image Restoration with Deep Learning Inverse Technique: A Preliminary Study

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    Benefiting from a relatively larger aperture's angle, and in combination with a wide transmitting bandwidth, near-field synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides a high-resolution image of a target's scattering distribution-hot spots. Meanwhile, imaging result suffers inevitable degradation from sidelobes, clutters, and noises, hindering the information retrieval of the target. To restore the image, current methods make simplified assumptions; for example, the point spread function (PSF) is spatially consistent, the target consists of sparse point scatters, etc. Thus, they achieve limited restoration performance in terms of the target's shape, especially for complex targets. To address these issues, a preliminary study is conducted on restoration with the recent promising deep learning inverse technique in this work. We reformulate the degradation model into a spatially variable complex-convolution model, where the near-field SAR's system response is considered. Adhering to it, a model-based deep learning network is designed to restore the image. A simulated degraded image dataset from multiple complex target models is constructed to validate the network. All the images are formulated using the electromagnetic simulation tool. Experiments on the dataset reveal their effectiveness. Compared with current methods, superior performance is achieved regarding the target's shape and energy estimation

    Calibration to Mitigate Near-Field Antennas Effects for a MIMO Radar Imaging System

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    A calibration method for a high-resolution hybrid MIMO turntable radar imaging system is presented. A line of small metal spheres is employed as a test pattern in the calibration process to measure the position shift caused by undesired antenna effects. The unwanted effects in the antenna near-field responses are analysed, modelled and significantly mitigated based on the symmetry and differences in the responses of the MIMO configuration

    Short Range Signal Correction Method of Wideband FMCW Radar Considering Modulation Characteristic

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ „๊ธฐยท์ •๋ณด๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2021. 2. ๋‚จ์ƒ์šฑ.Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave(FMCW) ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธฐ์ € ๋Œ€์—ญ์˜ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„์—์„œ ์ด์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ƒ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ, ๊ตฐ์šฉ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์ƒํ™” ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์—์„œ ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์ง€๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด์™€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์งง์€ chirp ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณ€์กฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output(MIMO) ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹  ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์„ ํƒ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ ๋ฐ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ Ku-band ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ ์ œ์ž‘์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ณ€์กฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์ •์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ณด์ • ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์™œ๊ณก๋œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณ€์กฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์™œ๊ณก ๋ณด์ •์— ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์‘๋‹ต์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์‘๋‹ต์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ณ ์ • ์‘๋‹ต์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” clutter ์‘๋‹ต ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์˜ SNR์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ณ€์กฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๋ˆ„์„ค์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ณด์ • ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ, ๋ณต์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์ธ ํ•ด์„์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ธฐ์—, ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์—†์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1D-Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar has an advantage in terms of cost and resolution by simple structure and low bandwidth of baseband signal. Because of these, FMCW radar is widely studied in application of weather, military, vehicle, and Imaging radar. Wideband transmit signal of FMCW radar improves the distance resolution. But, due to the signal characteristic of FMCW radar, the frequency characteristics of the system are transferred to the time domain, and the signal is modulated. These effects are intensified with broadband signals and shorter chirp times. In addition, to get the angle estimation of target, most of FMCW radar have Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) structure. This structure has a drawback that makes it difficult to detect a short-range target due to the mutual coupling characteristics of the transmitting and receiving antennas. In this paper, through the fabrication of a Ku-band transceiver for a broadband and short-range characteristic FMCW radar, the signal modulation effect and antenna mutual coupling were analyzed and corrected for a short-range target. The proposed signal correction technique can correct the distortion in the signal in a simple way. Furthermore, a method of removing the antenna mutual coupling response was also applied. This method is not applied only to the antenna mutual coupling response, but also removes the clutter response corresponding to the fixed response, thereby increasing the SNR of the target. As a result, it has the effect of removing the spectral leakage by removing the modulation effect of the target signal and correcting information about the distance and magnitude of the target. This correction technique is advantageous in that it can be performed without a large burden in the pre-processing process because it is processed using an analytic signal that is a complex domain. Finally, the proposed technique was applied to a typical radar target, and the effect was shown in the frequency domain through 1D-Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and its limitations were analyzed.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›๋ฆฌ 3 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ 3 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ 6 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์œ„์ƒ ์žก์Œ 9 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด 12 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ Ku-band ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 12 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ Ku-band ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ ์ œ์ž‘ 18 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ์ธก์ • 25 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ณด์ • 35 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ถ„์„ 35 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ณด์ • 38 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ณด์ • ํ•œ๊ณ„ 45 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  47 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 47 Abstract 49 ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ [ํ‘œ 1] Ku-band ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜ 17 [ํ‘œ 2] ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ Ku-band ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ 19 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1] FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค ๋™์ž‘ ์›๋ฆฌ 3 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2] FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ๊ฐ๋„ ์ •๋ณด 4 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3] FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ 6 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4] ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์‘๋‹ต 7 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5] FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ์œ„์ƒ ์žก์Œ์˜ ์—ญ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์š”์†Œ 11 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6] FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ(์ขŒ) ๋ฐ ์†ก์‹ ๊ธฐ(์šฐ) ๋ชจ๋ธ 12 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7] FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ ์ œ์ž‘ ๊ณผ์ • 13 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8] ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘ ๊ฐ์‡  ์ •๋„ 14 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9] FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ DSP๋‹จ์— ์“ฐ์ธ ADC์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ 15 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10] DSP์˜ ADC์™€ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์˜ dynamic range ๋น„๊ต 16 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11] FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค Ku-band ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ(์ขŒ) ๋ฐ ์†ก์‹ ๊ธฐ(์šฐ) ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ 16 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12] ๊ธฐ์ € ๋Œ€์—ญ ์ง‘์ค‘ ์ •์ˆ˜ ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ HPF ์‘๋‹ต 17 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13] ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ Ku-band ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ 18 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14] TDM-MIMO control 19 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 15] ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ Ku-band ์†ก์‹ ๊ธฐ(์šฐ) ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ(์ขŒ) ์‚ฌ์ง„ 20 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 16] PCB stack up ๊ตฌ์กฐ 20 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 17] DC ๋ณด๋“œ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ƒํƒœ 21 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 18] ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ DC ๋ณด๋“œ ์‚ฌ์ง„ 22 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 19] ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ DC ๋ณด๋“œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค 24 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 20] Guard ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€์กฐ ํšจ๊ณผ 25 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 21] Cascaded system ๋ชจ๋ธ 26 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 22] Ku-band ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์žก์Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ 26 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 23] SA๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์žก์Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์‚ฌ์ง„ 26 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 24] ์ธก์ •ํ•œ Ku-band ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์žก์Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ 27 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 25] ADC์™€ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์žก์Œ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 28 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 26] P1dB ์ธก์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹ 28 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 27] ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ Ku-band ์†ก์‹ ๊ธฐ์˜ P1dB ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ 29 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 28] ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ Ku-band ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์˜ P1dB ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ 29 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 29] IP3 ์ธก์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹ 29 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 30] IP3์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ต์ฐจ ์ง€์  30 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 31] ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต 31 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 32] FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค์˜ ์ธก์ • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ 31 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 33] FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค ์ธก์ •์˜ ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ 32 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 34] FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค ์ธก์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ 32 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 35] Metal plate์˜ ๊ฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ RCS 33 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 36] Trihedral corner reflector์˜ ๊ฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ RCS ๋“ฑ๊ณ ์„  33 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 37] Metal plate ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŠธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ 34 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 38] Trihedral corner reflector(side=3.5cm) ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŠธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ 34 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 39] Trihedral corner reflector (side=6cm) ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŠธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ 34 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 40] Bandpass filter์˜ ๊ตฐ์ง€์—ฐ ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์‘๋‹ต 36 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 41] FMCW ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ฑ„๋„ ์‘๋‹ต 36 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 42] ๋น„ํŠธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํฌ๋ฝ์„  ๋ฐ ์œ„์ƒ 38 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 43] ๊ณ ์ • ์‘๋‹ต๊ณผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ ์‘๋‹ต 39 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 44] FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ณ€์กฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณด์ • ์ˆœ์„œ๋„ 40 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 45] ๋ณ€์กฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ธก์ • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ 41 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 46] ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ • ์‘๋‹ต ๋บ„์…ˆ ๋ณด์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 42 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 47] ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ • ์‘๋‹ต ๋บ„์…ˆ ๋ณด์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 42 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 48] ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„์ƒ ๋ณด์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 43 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 49] ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„์ƒ ๋ณด์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ2 44 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 50] ์ •์  ๊ณ ์ • ์‘๋‹ต ์ œ๊ฑฐ ํšจ๊ณผ 45 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 51] ๋‹จ์ผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ณ ์ • ์‘๋‹ต ์ œ๊ฑฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ํ™•์ธ 46Maste

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    Antennas and Propagation

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