Magnetic levitation force between a superconducting bulk magnet and a permanent magnet

The current density in a disk-shaped superconducting bulk magnet and the magnetic levitation force exerted on the superconducting bulk magnet by a cylindrical permanent magnet are calculated from first principles. The effect of the superconducting parameters of the superconducting bulk is taken into account by assuming the voltage-current law and the material law. The magnetic levitation force is dominated by the remnant current density, which is induced by switching off the applied magnetizing field. High critical current density and flux creep exponent may increase the magnetic levitation force. Large volume and high aspect ratio of the superconducting bulk can enhance the magnetic levitation force further.Comment: 18 pages and 8 figure

Design and Control of EMS Magnetic Levitation Train using Fuzzy MRAS and PID Controllers

In this paper, a Magnetic Levitation (MAGLEV) train is designed with a first degree of freedom electromagnetbased totally system that permits to levitate vertically up and down. Fuzzy logic, PID and MRAS controllers are used to improve the Magnetic Levitation train passenger comfort and road handling. A Matlab Simulink model is used to compare the performance of the three controllers using step input signals. The stability of the Magnetic Levitation train is analyzed using root locus technique. Controller output response for different time period and change of air gap with different time period is analyzed for the three controllers. Finally the comparative simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented fuzzy logic controller

Comparison of Neural Network Based Controllers for Nonlinear EMS Magnetic Levitation Train

Magnetic levitation system is operated primarily based at the principle of magnetic attraction and repulsion to levitate the passengers and the train. However, magnetic levitation trains are rather nonlinear and open loop unstable which makes it hard to govern. In this paper, investigation, design and control of a nonlinear Maglev train based on NARMA-L2, model reference and predictive controllers. The response of the Maglev train with the proposed controllers for the precise role of a Magnetic levitation machine have been as compared for a step input signal. The simulation consequences prove that the Maglev teach system with NARMA-L2 controller suggests the quality performance in adjusting the precise function of the system and the device improves the experience consolation and street managing criteria

Magnetic levitation on a type-I superconductor as a practical demonstration experiment for students

We describe and discuss an experimental set-up which allows undergraduate and graduate students to view and study magnetic levitation on a type-I superconductor. The demonstration can be repeated many times using one readily available 25 liter liquid helium dewar. We study the equilibrium position of a magnet that levitates over a lead bowl immersed in a liquid hand-held helium cryostat. We combine the measurement of the position of the magnet with simple analytical calculations. This provides a vivid visualization of magnetic levitation from the balance between pure flux expulsion and gravitation. The experiment contrasts and illustrates the case of magnetic levitation with high temperature type-II superconductors using liquid nitrogen, where levitation results from partial flux expulsion and vortex physics

Magnetic Levitation Based Applications in Bioscience

Contactless manipulation of small objects, such as micro−/nanoparticles, biological entities, and even cells is required in varied applications in biosciences. Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a new-generation methodology to achieve contactless magnetic manipulation of objects. Lately, magnetic levitation methodology has been utilized in several applications in bioscience, such as biosensors, diagnostics and tissue engineering. Magnetic levitation enables separation or positioning of objects in three-dimensional (3D) space based on their density features. Therefore, density-based separation assays utilizing magnetic levitation for biosensing or diagnostic purposes are developed recently. Specific particles or cells, which are markers of any disease, could be detected by sorting them based on density differences through magnetic levitation. On the other hand, tissue engineering studies and production of self-assembled 3D cell culture structures are carried out by magnetic levitation, where cells are magnetically positioned while allowing cell-cell interaction resulting in 3D cell culture formation. Lately, magnetic levitation methodologies received more interest in the field of bioscience due to advantages about the efficiency and cost. This contribution broadly summarizes recent efforts in magnetic levitation techniques that are mainly applied in diagnostics and tissue engineering

Desain Sistem Magnetic Levitatin Dengan Kontrol PID Menggunakan Tuning Cohen-Coon.

Seiring perkembangan zaman banyak teknologi yang berkembang dan berinovasi, baik dibidang industri dan transaportasi. Banyak penelitian yang mengembangkan konsep Magnetik Levitation (Maglev) sebagai inovasi baru dalam berbagai bidang. Magnetik levitation banyak dinilai sebagai terobosan baru dalam bidang teknologi yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam banyak hal sebagai contoh Kerta api Maglev, dekorasi yang menerapkan konsep Maglev. Dalam penerapannya Magnetic Levitation membutuhkan keseimbangan yang stabil dan presisi. Permasalahan pada Magnetic Levitation adalah keseimbangan sistem dimana hasil respons pada sistem Magnetic Levitation harus cepat mencapai hasil step respon. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan hasil respons sistem Magnetic Levitation dengan skala yang lebih kecil agar dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan suatu sistem yang lebih stabil dengan menggunakan kontroler PID dan PI sebagai pembanding dengan metode Cohen-Coon sehingga harapannya metode ini nantinya dapat digunakan pada sistem  Magnetic Levitation dengan skala yang lebih besar. Hasil dari simulasi menggunakan perbandingan kontroler Proportional Intergral (PI) dan Proportional Integral Derifative (PID) pada sistem pengendali Magnetic Levitation didapatkan nilai terbaik (PI) Kp = 0.45 Ki = 1.02 dan (PID) Kp = 0.76, Ki = 1.87 Kd = 0.31 dan dapatkan hasil dari respon sistem dengan (PI) Rise Time = 0.8796s, Settling Time = 20.28s, Peak Time 3.44s dan mencapai Overshoot 65.39%, (PID) Rise Time = 0.7416s, Settling Time = 15.52s, Peak Time 3.16s dan mencapai Overshoot 63.01%, Magnetic Levitation dengan menggunakan kontroller PID lebih cepat mencapai step respons dan memiliki nilai Overshoot yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan kontroller PI. bedasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bila kontrol PID menggunakan tuning Cohen-Coon memiliki hasil respons yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontroller PI dan dapat digunakan untuk sistem Magnetic Levitation. Kata Kunci: Magnetic Levitation, Kontroler PI dan PID, Tuning Cohen-Coon

Preliminary Study on Magnetic Levitation Modeling Using PID Control

This paper proposes to understand about basic magnetic levitation model. Magnetic Levitation is repulsive or attractive force resulting gap from magnetic field. Characteristic of the magnetic levitation model is used permanent magnet and electromagnet with PID control to maintain wide gap between levitator and object levitation. Mass addition is used to analysis the model of the Maglev with PID control to maintain wide gap. Calculation result show that the maglev with PID control has sufficient levitation force in the maintain wide gap. Comparison between calculated and measured values can be done to build a another complex model magnetic levitation

Theoretical analysis and experimental validation of a simplified fractional order controller for a magnetic levitation system

Fractional order (FO) controllers are among the emerging solutions for increasing closed-loop performance and robustness. However, they have been applied mostly to stable processes. When applied to unstable systems, the tuning technique uses the well-known frequency-domain procedures or complex genetic algorithms. This brief proposes a special type of an FO controller, as well as a novel tuning procedure, which is simple and does not involve any optimization routines. The controller parameters may be determined directly using overshoot requirements and the study of the stability of FO systems. The tuning procedure is given for the general case of a class of unstable systems with pole multiplicity. The advantage of the proposed FO controller consists in the simplicity of the tuning approach. The case study considered in this brief consists in a magnetic levitation system. The experimental results provided show that the designed controller can indeed stabilize the magnetic levitation system, as well as provide robustness to modeling uncertainties and supplementary loading conditions. For comparison purposes, a simple PID controller is also designed to point out the advantages of using the proposed FO controller