Sea ice feedbacks influence the isotopic signature of Greenland ice sheet elevation changes: Last interglacial HadCM3 simulations

Changes in the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) affect global sea level. Greenland stable water isotope (δ18O) records from ice cores offer information on past changes in the surface of the GIS. Here, we use the isotope-enabled Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3 (HadCM3) climate model to simulate a set of last interglacial (LIG) idealised GIS surface elevation change scenarios focusing on GIS ice core sites. We investigate how δ18O depends on the magnitude and sign of GIS elevation change and evaluate how the response is altered by sea ice changes. We find that modifying GIS elevation induces changes in Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, sea ice and precipitation patterns. These climate feedbacks lead to ice-core-averaged isotopic lapse rates of 0.49 ‰ (100 m)−1 for the lowered GIS states and 0.29 ‰ (100 m)−1 for the enlarged GIS states. This is lower than the spatially derived Greenland lapse rates of 0.62–0.72 ‰ (100 m)−1. These results thus suggest non-linearities in the isotope–elevation relationship and have consequences for the interpretation of past elevation and climate changes across Greenland. In particular, our results suggest that winter sea ice changes may significantly influence isotope–elevation gradients: winter sea ice effect can decrease (increase) modelled core-averaged isotopic lapse rate values by about −19 % (and +28 %) for the lowered (enlarged) GIS states, respectively. The largest influence of sea ice on δ18O changes is found in coastal regions like the Camp Century site

A compatibility profile of selected therapeutic agents in balanced electrolyte solutions

Through the years, various studies (1-5) have been done regarding the prevalent practice of adding one or more drugs to parenteral fluids. The greater variety of drugs being used intravenously, plus the formulation of newer and more complex parenteral fluids, has led to an increased awareness of potential incompatibilities existing between drug and solution. Recognition of the hazards of such extemporaneous combinations has necessitated the study of drug stability in solution. The objective of this report is to determine compatibility characteristics of admixtures prepared from a series of balance intravenous electrolyte solutions and a group of commonly used therapeutic agents. Visual, spectrophotometric and microbiological assay techniques are to be used to establish the compatibility profiles of these admixtures

Evaluation of hulless mutants of winter barley

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphological and agronomic traits of seven hulless mutants of winter barley variety \u27Ahil\u27. The study was conducted in two growing seasons at the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture - Karnobat, south-eastern Bulgaria. The studied traits included: grain yield, number of spikes per m2, winter hardiness, plant height, lodging, days to heading, spike length, awn length, peduncle length, spikelet number per a spike, grain number per a spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight, hectolitre weight, grain length, grain width, grain length to width ratio and protein content. The results revealed a high level of variations for studied morphological and agronomic traits among hulless mutants. Mutant lines had from 20% to 42% lower grain yield compared to the parent. The number of spikes per m2 and winter hardiness were highly correlated with grain yield so those traits could be used in the selection of high-yielding varieties. Hulless mutants had higher grain protein content than the parent and standard varieties. Studied mutants could served as a breeding material for further improvement of hulless barley

Evaluation of the influence of low Mg content on the mechanical and microstructural properties of beta titanium alloy

[EN] It was investigated in order to better understand the relationship between the low presence of Mg in the TieNbeSn alloy in its mechanical and microstructural properties by the powder metallurgy technique for biomedical application. The blended powders with the nominal composition of Tie34Nbe6Sn were obtained by milling at 200 rpm/40 min, compacted at 200 MPa. The sintering were carried out at 900 C/2 h and at 1110 C/2 h, followed by furnace cooling. The particle size was characterized by the dynamic image analyzer (DIA). The phases quantification and their microstructure were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The porosity was characterized by the Archimedes method and also bi-dimensionally by the Image J software. The mechanical tests were performed by the impulse excitation (Sonelastic ®) technique, in order to evaluate the elastic modulus (E) of the sintered materials and the hardness and resistance by the Rockwell method. The results indicated that the sintering at 1100 C in the materials with Mg, still had particles of Nb not diffused. The microstructure was basically formed by two phases with the presence of Nb non-diffused in all conditions except at 1100 C in the system without Mg. The b phase % for systems without and with Mg at 900 C was approximately 80% and 65%. At 1100 C, 76% and 78%. The E and hardness were 31 GPa and 226 MPa at 900 C; 49 GPa and 344 MPa at 1100 C for materials with Mg. The O and N content increased approximately 1.3 times when adding Mg powder.This work was supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [grant: 2019/24237-6], by the Ministerio Espanol de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades with Grant RTI2018-097810-B-I00 and the Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas do Estado de Sao Paulo (IPT-SP), in the development of materials, whom the authors thankCorrea Rossi, M.; Leal Bayerlein, D.; De Santi-Gouvea, E.; Haro Rodríguez, MV.; Vicente-Escuder, Á.; Amigó, V. (2021). Evaluation of the influence of low Mg content on the mechanical and microstructural properties of beta titanium alloy. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 10:916-925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.12.1039169251

Raw milk from vending machines: Effects of boiling, microwave treatment, and refrigeration on microbiological quality

Abstract In Italy, the sale of raw milk from vending machines has been allowed since 2004. Boiling treatment before its use is mandatory for the consumer, because the raw milk could be an important source of foodborne pathogens. This study fits into this context with the aim to evaluate the microbiological quality of 30 raw milk samples periodically collected (March 2013 to July 2013) from 3 vending machines located in Molise, a region of southern Italy. Milk samples were stored for 72h at 4°C and then subjected to different treatments, such as boiling and microwaving, to simulate domestic handling. The results show that all the raw milk samples examined immediately after their collection were affected by high microbial loads, with values very close to or even greater than those acceptable by Italian law. The microbial populations increased during refrigeration, reaching after 72h values of about 8.0 log cfu/mL for Pseudomonas spp., 6.5 log cfu/mL for yeasts, and up to 4.0 log cfu/mL for Enterobacteriaceae . Boiling treatment, applied after 72h to refrigerated milk samples, caused complete decontamination, but negatively affected the nutritional quality of the milk, as demonstrated by a drastic reduction of whey proteins. The microwave treatment at 900 W for 75s produced microbiological decontamination similar to that of boiling, preserving the content in whey proteins of milk. The microbiological characteristics of raw milk observed in this study fully justify the obligation to boil the raw milk from vending machines before consumption. However, this study also showed that domestic boiling causes a drastic reduction in the nutritional value of milk. Microwave treatment could represent a good alternative to boiling, on the condition that the process variables are standardized for safe domestic application

catena-Poly[[chloridocopper(I)]-μ-η2,σ1-3-(2-allyl-2H-tetra­zol-5-yl)pyridine]

The title compound, [CuCl(C9H9N5)]n, prepared by solvo­thermal synthesis, is a new homometallic CuI–olefin coordination polymer in which the CuI atoms are linked by the 3-(2-allyl-2H-tetra­zol-5-yl)pyridine ligands and are each bonded to one terminal Cl atom. The organic ligand acts as a bidentate ligand bridging two neighboring Cu centers through the bonds to the N atom of the pyridine ring and the double bond of the allyl group. Weak Cu⋯Cl [3.136 (8) Å), C—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯N inter­actions connect the coordination polymers into a three-dimensional structure