39,740 research outputs found
Intuitions and the modelling of defeasible reasoning: some case studies
The purpose of this paper is to address some criticisms recently raised by
John Horty in two articles against the validity of two commonly accepted
defeasible reasoning patterns, viz. reinstatement and floating conclusions. I
shall argue that Horty's counterexamples, although they significantly raise our
understanding of these reasoning patterns, do not show their invalidity. Some
of them reflect patterns which, if made explicit in the formalisation, avoid
the unwanted inference without having to give up the criticised inference
principles. Other examples seem to involve hidden assumptions about the
specific problem which, if made explicit, are nothing but extra information
that defeat the defeasible inference. These considerations will be put in a
wider perspective by reflecting on the nature of defeasible reasoning
principles as principles of justified acceptance rather than `real' logical
inference.Comment: Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Non-Monotonic
Reasoning (NMR'2002), Toulouse, France, April 19-21, 200
Using Description Logics for RDF Constraint Checking and Closed-World Recognition
RDF and Description Logics work in an open-world setting where absence of
information is not information about absence. Nevertheless, Description Logic
axioms can be interpreted in a closed-world setting and in this setting they
can be used for both constraint checking and closed-world recognition against
information sources. When the information sources are expressed in well-behaved
RDF or RDFS (i.e., RDF graphs interpreted in the RDF or RDFS semantics) this
constraint checking and closed-world recognition is simple to describe. Further
this constraint checking can be implemented as SPARQL querying and thus
effectively performed.Comment: Extended version of a paper of the same name that will appear in
AAAI-201
Ontology Merging as Social Choice
The problem of merging several ontologies has important applications in the Semantic Web, medical ontology engineering
and other domains where information from several distinct sources needs to be integrated in a coherent manner.We propose
to view ontology merging as a problem of social choice, i.e. as a problem of aggregating the input of a set of individuals
into an adequate collective decision. That is, we propose to view ontology merging as ontology aggregation. As a first step in
this direction, we formulate several desirable properties for ontology aggregators, we identify the incompatibility of some of
these properties, and we define and analyse several simple aggregation procedures. Our approach is closely related to work
in judgment aggregation, but with the crucial difference that we adopt an open world assumption, by distinguishing between
facts not included in an agent’s ontology and facts explicitly negated in an agent’s ontology
The Problem of Analogical Inference in Inductive Logic
We consider one problem that was largely left open by Rudolf Carnap in his
work on inductive logic, the problem of analogical inference. After discussing
some previous attempts to solve this problem, we propose a new solution that is
based on the ideas of Bruno de Finetti on probabilistic symmetries. We explain
how our new inductive logic can be developed within the Carnapian paradigm of
inductive logic-deriving an inductive rule from a set of simple postulates
about the observational process-and discuss some of its properties.Comment: In Proceedings TARK 2015, arXiv:1606.0729
Managing data through the lens of an ontology
Ontology-based data management aims at managing data through the lens of an ontology, that is, a conceptual representation of the domain of interest in the underlying information system. This new paradigm provides several interesting features, many of which have already been proved effective in managing complex information systems. This article introduces the notion of ontology-based data management, illustrating the main ideas underlying the paradigm, and pointing out the importance of knowledge representation and automated reasoning for addressing the technical challenges it introduces
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