A Note on Parameterised Knowledge Operations in Temporal Logic

We consider modeling the conception of knowledge in terms of temporal logic. The study of knowledge logical operations is originated around 1962 by representation of knowledge and belief using modalities. Nowadays, it is very good established area. However, we would like to look to it from a bit another point of view, our paper models knowledge in terms of linear temporal logic with {\em past}. We consider various versions of logical knowledge operations which may be defined in this framework. Technically, semantics, language and temporal knowledge logics based on our approach are constructed. Deciding algorithms are suggested, unification in terms of this approach is commented. This paper does not offer strong new technical outputs, instead we suggest new approach to conception of knowledge (in terms of time).Comment: 10 page

Computing Truth of Logical Statements in Multi-Agents’ Environment

Thispaperdescribeslogical models and computational algorithmsforlogical statements(specs) including various versions ofChanceDiscovery(CD).The approachisbased attemporal multi-agentlogic. Prime question is how to express most essential properties of CD in terms of temporal logic (branching time multi-agents’ logic or a linear one), how to define CD by formulas in logical language. We, as an example, introduce several formulas in the language of temporal multi-agent logic which may express essential properties of CD. Then we study computational questions (in particular, using some light modification of the standard filtration technique we show that the constructed logic has the finite-model property with effectively computable upper bound; this proves that the logic is decidable and provides a decision algorithm). At the final part of the paper we consider interpretation of CD via uncertainty and plausibility in an extension ofthelineartemporallogicLTL and computationfortruth values(satisfiability) ofits formulas.Представленная статья посвящена построению логических моделей различных версий теории случайных открытий (СО) и описанию вычислительных алгоритмов для логических высказываний. Предлагаемый нами подход основывается на многоагентной временной логике. Главный вопрос состоит в том, как можно было бы выразить самые существенные свойства СО в терминах временной логики, многоагентной логики с ветвящимся временем или линейной логики и вообще как определить СО с помощью формул языка логики. Нами в статье введено несколько формул на языке многоагентной временной логики, которые способны выразить существенные свойства СО. Используя некоторую модифицированную стандартную технику фильтрации, мы показали, что сконструированная таким образом логика имеет свойство финитной аппроксимируемости с эффективно вычислимой верхней границей. Это доказывает, что такая логика разрешима и нами предъявлен алгоритм разрешения. В заключительной части статьи мы рассматриваем интерпретацию СО посредством неопределённости и вероятности в расширении временной линейной логики и вычисление истинностных значений её формул

Behavioural Economics: Classical and Modern

In this paper, the origins and development of behavioural economics, beginning with the pioneering works of Herbert Simon (1953) and Ward Edwards (1954), is traced, described and (critically) discussed, in some detail. Two kinds of behavioural economics – classical and modern – are attributed, respectively, to the two pioneers. The mathematical foundations of classical behavioural economics is identified, largely, to be in the theory of computation and computational complexity; the corresponding mathematical basis for modern behavioural economics is, on the other hand, claimed to be a notion of subjective probability (at least at its origins in the works of Ward Edwards). The economic theories of behavior, challenging various aspects of 'orthodox' theory, were decisively influenced by these two mathematical underpinnings of the two theoriesClassical Behavioural Economics, Modern Behavioural Economics, Subjective Probability, Model of Computation, Computational Complexity. Subjective Expected Utility

Models of Interaction as a Grounding for Peer to Peer Knowledge Sharing

Most current attempts to achieve reliable knowledge sharing on a large scale have relied on pre-engineering of content and supply services. This, like traditional knowledge engineering, does not by itself scale to large, open, peer to peer systems because the cost of being precise about the absolute semantics of services and their knowledge rises rapidly as more services participate. We describe how to break out of this deadlock by focusing on semantics related to interaction and using this to avoid dependency on a priori semantic agreement; instead making semantic commitments incrementally at run time. Our method is based on interaction models that are mobile in the sense that they may be transferred to other components, this being a mechanism for service composition and for coalition formation. By shifting the emphasis to interaction (the details of which may be hidden from users) we can obtain knowledge sharing of sufficient quality for sustainable communities of practice without the barrier of complex meta-data provision prior to community formation

Non-transitive linear temporal logic and logical knowledge operations

© 2015 The Author, 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.We study a linear temporal logic LTLNT with non-transitive time (with NEXT and UNTIL) and possible interpretations for logical knowledge operations in this approach. We assume time to be non-transitive, linear and discrete, it is a major innovative part of our article. Motivation for our approach that time might be non-transitive and comments on possible interpretations of logical knowledge operations are given. The main result of Section 5 is a solution of the decidability problem for LTLNT, we find and describe in details the decision algorithm. In Section 6 we introduce non-transitive linear temporal logic LTLNT(m) with uniform bound (m) for non-transitivity. We compare it with standard linear temporal logic LTL and the logic LTLNT - where non-transitivity has no upper bound - and show that LTLNT may be approximated by logics LTLNT(m). Concluding part of the article contains a list of open interesting problems