追溯技术在旅游者移动行为研究的综述

旅游活动常被认为是日常生活的溢出,而"移动范式"的出现促使旅游活动被置于社会活动的核心位置,移动性也逐渐成为旅游研究中的核心命题。然而,旅游者移动行为研究需要采集大量游客时空移动数据,这在很长一段时间里制约了该研究的进展。近年来,移动互联网技术和地理信息技术的发展,使得对游客个体时空移动信息的精确追溯和记录成为可能,从而给旅游者移动行为研究提供了前所未有的契机。该文全面回顾追溯技术在旅游者移动行为的应用研究,在进行详细文献分析的基础上指出:(1)传统追溯技术和现代追溯技术都有各自优势和劣势,因此将二者有机结合有利于更好地开展旅游者移动行为的研究;(2)每种现代追溯技术均有其各自的优劣势和适用空间尺度,因此需要根据所研究的问题及其空间尺度选择合适的追溯技术;(3)追溯技术的发展在研究尺度、研究对象和研究精度等维度都对旅游者移动行为研究产生了深远的影响。国家自然科学基金项目“基于轨迹数据的景区游客时空运动模式挖掘及内在机理研究”(71601164);;教育部人文社会科学基金项目“大数据驱动的景区游客时空运动模式挖掘与分析研究”(16YJC630177);;福建省中青年教师教育科研项目“移动互联网时代下的游客时空行为模式研究”(JAS160017);;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“移动互联网时代下的旅游景区游客时空运动模式研究”(20720161005)资助~

Situated navigation support for heterogeneous large crowds via augmented signage

PhD ThesisNavigating unfamiliar places is a common problem people face, and there is a wealth of commercial and research-based applications particularly for mobile devices that provide support in these settings. While many of these solutions work well on an individual level, they are less well suited for very crowded situations, e.g. sports matches, festivals and fairs, or religious events such as pilgrimages. In a large crowd, attending to a mobile device can be hazardous, the underlying technology might not scale well, and some people might be excluded due to not having access to a mobile device. Public signage does not suffer from these issues, and consequently, people frequently rely on signage in crowded settings. However, a key disadvantage of public signage is that it does not provide personalised navigation support. We have therefore investigated augmented signage as a navigation support system for use in large crowds. This thesis investigates the issues of guidance by augmented displays and how this can be made more suitable for people who navigate in groups in unfamiliar areas. In this context we have undertaken three studies as examples to explore how augmented displays can provide aid to people in crowded places. In the first study, we investigated the question of whether the use of dynamic public signage can help pilgrims count or remember the Tawaf rounds while walking around the Ka’bah. We analysed the current situation in Mecca based on a literature review and a series of interviews with pilgrims, who had completed at least one pilgrimage (already visited Mecca). We then presented a prototypical dynamic signage and reported on a user study we conducted in a realistic setting in order to evaluate the system. The results suggest that dynamic signage may be a feasible option to improve the safety of pilgrims in Mecca. In the second study, we introduced a scalable signage-based approach and present results from a comparison study contrasting two designs for augmented signage with a base approach. The results provide evidence that such a system could be easily useable, may reduce task load, and could improve navigation performance. In the final study, we developed public displays (static and dynamic signage) and investigated the ability of using such displays to assist pilgrims of Mecca to find each other after becoming separated while performing rituals inside the Haram (e.g. Tawaf pillar). Once again here we have addressed the issue through a series of interviews with people who had experienced pilgrimage before. Then we constructed a full idea that allowed us to design the initial system and presented it in a focus group session to gain feedback and redesign the system. Afterwards, we conducted a lab-based user study. The results we obtained suggest that a person can extract information (by reading the dynamic signage), also results showed that users were able to remember their information (whilst completing some distraction tasks), and then they completed the static signs tasks successfully. Generally results showed that the system can indicate people to the right place where they can meet again after becoming separated. In general, these results provided good evidence that augmented signage supported by colour and visual codes might provide considerable help in situations with large and heterogeneous crowds. It might be developed and used in different settings for provisional navigation information and allow multi-users to extract their personalised information individually