Optimization and Sequence Search Based Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks

Localization is critical for various applications of Wireless Sensor Networks. This paper presents a 3D localization algorithm for high accuracy localization of a wireless sensor network, which consists of three parts: pre-localization, refinement and sequence search. It is clear that the localization accuracy partly depends on the localization sequence of the unknown nodes, which has not been investigated so far. The proposed novel algorithm aims to address this problem by searching a localization sequence corresponding to a high localization accuracy and a robust algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can get rid of the flip ambiguity and is more robust than several existing algorithms in terms of the localization accuracy

Social Network Analysis Based Localization Technique with Clustered Closeness Centrality for 3D Wireless Sensor Networks

[EN] In this paper, we proposed a new wireless localization technique based on the ideology of social network analysis (SNA), to study the different properties of networks as a graph. Centrality is a main concept in SNA, so we propose using closeness centrality (CC) as a measurement to denote the importance of the node inside the network due to its geo-location to others. The node with highest degree of CC is chosen as a cluster heads, then each cluster head can form its trilateration process to collect data from its cluster. The selection of closest cluster based on CC values, and the unknown node's location can be estimated through the trilateration process. To form a perfect trilateration, the cluster head chooses three anchor nodes. The proposed algorithm provides high accuracy even in different network topologies like concave shape, O shape, and C shape as compared to existing received signal strength indicator (RSSI) techniques. Matlab simulation results based on practical radio propagation data sets showed a localization error of 0.32 m with standard deviation of 0.26 m.This work was fully supported by the Vice Chancellor Doctoral Scholarship at Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.Ahmad, T.; Li, XJ.; Seet, B.; Cano, J. (2020). Social Network Analysis Based Localization Technique with Clustered Closeness Centrality for 3D Wireless Sensor Networks. Electronics. 9(5):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050738S11995Zhou, B., Yao, X., Yang, L., Yang, S., Wu, S., Kim, Y., & Ai, L. (2019). Accurate Rigid Body Localization Using DoA Measurements from a Single Base Station. Electronics, 8(6), 622. doi:10.3390/electronics8060622Ahmad, T., Li, X., & Seet, B.-C. (2017). Parametric Loop Division for 3D Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors, 17(7), 1697. doi:10.3390/s17071697Kaur, A., Kumar, P., & Gupta, G. P. (2019). A weighted centroid localization algorithm for randomly deployed wireless sensor networks. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 31(1), 82-91. doi:10.1016/j.jksuci.2017.01.007Khelifi, F., Bradai, A., Benslimane, A., Rawat, P., & Atri, M. (2018). A Survey of Localization Systems in Internet of Things. Mobile Networks and Applications, 24(3), 761-785. doi:10.1007/s11036-018-1090-3Sanchez-Iborra, R., G. Liaño, I., Simoes, C., Couñago, E., & Skarmeta, A. (2018). Tracking and Monitoring System Based on LoRa Technology for Lightweight Boats. Electronics, 8(1), 15. doi:10.3390/electronics8010015Sayed, A. H., Tarighat, A., & Khajehnouri, N. (2005). Network-based wireless location: challenges faced in developing techniques for accurate wireless location information. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 22(4), 24-40. doi:10.1109/msp.2005.1458275Maşazade, E., Ruixin Niu, Varshney, P. K., & Keskinoz, M. (2010). Energy Aware Iterative Source Localization for Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 58(9), 4824-4835. doi:10.1109/tsp.2010.2051433Yang, X., Kong, Q., & Xie, X. (2009). One-Dimensional Localization Algorithm Based on Signal Strength Ratio. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 5(1), 79-79. doi:10.1080/15501320802571822Xie, S., Wang, T., Hao, X., Yang, M., Zhu, Y., & Li, Y. (2019). Localization and Frequency Identification of Large-Range Wide-Band Electromagnetic Interference Sources in Electromagnetic Imaging System. Electronics, 8(5), 499. doi:10.3390/electronics8050499Zhu, X., Wu, X., & Chen, G. (2013). Relative localization for wireless sensor networks with linear topology. Computer Communications, 36(15-16), 1581-1591. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2013.07.007Meng, W., Xiao, W., & Xie, L. (2011). An Efficient EM Algorithm for Energy-Based Multisource Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 60(3), 1017-1027. doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2047035Lim, H., & Hou, J. C. (2009). Distributed localization for anisotropic sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 5(2), 1-26. doi:10.1145/1498915.1498917Xiaohong Sheng, & Yu-Hen Hu. (2005). Maximum likelihood multiple-source localization using acoustic energy measurements with wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 53(1), 44-53. doi:10.1109/tsp.2004.838930Yun Wang, Xiaodong Wang, Demin Wang, & Agrawal, D. P. (2009). Range-Free Localization Using Expected Hop Progress in Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 20(10), 1540-1552. doi:10.1109/tpds.2008.239Huang, H., & Zheng, Y. R. (2018). Node localization with AoA assistance in multi-hop underwater sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 78, 32-41. doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2018.05.005Zàruba, G. V., Huber, M., Kamangar, F. A., & Chlamtac, I. (2006). Indoor location tracking using RSSI readings from a single Wi-Fi access point. Wireless Networks, 13(2), 221-235. doi:10.1007/s11276-006-5064-1Singh, M., & Khilar, P. M. (2015). An analytical geometric range free localization scheme based on mobile beacon points in wireless sensor network. Wireless Networks, 22(8), 2537-2550. doi:10.1007/s11276-015-1116-8Yiqiang Chen, Qiang Yang, Jie Yin, & Xiaoyong Chai. (2006). Power-efficient access-point selection for indoor location estimation. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 18(7), 877-888. doi:10.1109/tkde.2006.112Alzoubi, K., Li, X.-Y., Wang, Y., Wan, P.-J., & Frieder, O. (2003). Geometric spanners for wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 14(4), 408-421. doi:10.1109/tpds.2003.1195412Safa, H. (2014). A novel localization algorithm for large scale wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 45, 32-46. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2014.03.020Kaemarungsi, K., & Krishnamurthy, P. (2012). Analysis of WLAN’s received signal strength indication for indoor location fingerprinting. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 8(2), 292-316. doi:10.1016/j.pmcj.2011.09.003Patwari, N., Hero, A. O., Perkins, M., Correal, N. S., & O’Dea, R. J. (2003). Relative location estimation in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 51(8), 2137-2148. doi:10.1109/tsp.2003.814469Niculescu, D. (2003). Telecommunication Systems, 22(1/4), 267-280. doi:10.1023/a:1023403323460Mahyar, H., Hasheminezhad, R., Ghalebi K., E., Nazemian, A., Grosu, R., Movaghar, A., & Rabiee, H. R. (2018). Compressive sensing of high betweenness centrality nodes in networks. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 497, 166-184. doi:10.1016/j.physa.2017.12.145Plets, D., Bastiaens, S., Martens, L., & Joseph, W. (2019). An Analysis of the Impact of LED Tilt on Visible Light Positioning Accuracy. Electronics, 8(4), 389. doi:10.3390/electronics8040389RSSI Datasethttps://github.com/pspachos/RSSI-DatasetAhmad, T., Li, X. J., & Seet, B.-C. (2019). Noise Reduction Scheme for Parametric Loop Division 3D Wireless Localization Algorithm Based on Extended Kalman Filtering. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 8(2), 24. doi:10.3390/jsan8020024Benson, S. J., Ye, Y., & Zhang, X. (2000). Solving Large-Scale Sparse Semidefinite Programs for Combinatorial Optimization. SIAM Journal on Optimization, 10(2), 443-461. doi:10.1137/s105262349732800

Accurate range free localization in multi-hop wireless sensor networks

To localize wireless sensor networks (WSN)s nodes, only the hop-based data have been so far utilized by range free techniques, with poor-accuracy, though. In this thesis, we show that localization accuracy may importantly advantage from mutual utilization, at no cost, of the information already offered by the advancing nodes (i.e., relays) between all anchors (i.e., position-aware) and sensor nodes join up. In addition, energy-based informant localization approaches are generally established corresponding to the channel path-loss models in which the noise is mostly expected to shadow Gaussian distributions. In this thesis, we signify the applied additive noise by the Gaussian mixture model and improve a localization algorithm depend on the received signal intensity to attain the greatest likelihood location, estimator. By employing Jensen’s inequality and semidefinite relaxation, the originally offered nonlinear and nonconvex estimator is relaxed into a convex optimization difficulty, which is able to be professionally resolved to acquire the totally best solution. Moreover, the resultant Cramer–Rao lower bound is originated for occurrence comparison. Simulation and experimental results show a substantial performance gain achieved by our proposed localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks. The performance is evaluated in terms of RMSE in terms of three algorithms WLS, CRLR, and GMSDP based on using the Monte Carlo simulation with account the number of anchors that varying from anchor=4 to anchor =20. Finally, the GMSDP- algorithm achieves and provides a better value of RMSEs and the greatest localization estimation errors comparing with the CRLR algorithm and WLS algorithm

Range-Free Localization with the Radical Line

Due to hardware and computational constraints, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) normally do not take measurements of time-of-arrival or time-difference-of-arrival for rangebased localization. Instead, WSNs in some applications use rangefree localization for simple but less accurate determination of sensor positions. A well-known algorithm for this purpose is the centroid algorithm. This paper presents a range-free localization technique based on the radical line of intersecting circles. This technique provides greater accuracy than the centroid algorithm, at the expense of a slight increase in computational load. Simulation results show that for the scenarios studied, the radical line method can give an approximately 2 to 30% increase in accuracy over the centroid algorithm, depending on whether or not the anchors have identical ranges, and on the value of DOI.Comment: Proc. IEEE ICC'10, Cape Town, South Africa, May, 201

A Study of Attack Detection and Localization Scheme Using Enhanced Hash Technique

Security plays an vital role in wireless sensor networks. The nodes are deployed in the physical environment. Hackers may easily access the data. In order to provide security, The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm has developed into an option for various security services. Sensor nodes collect the data from the environment and send to sink. But attackers corrupt data while transmitting therefore data security is main concern of wireless sensor network (WSN). Owing to the increasing popularity of wireless sensor networks, they have become attractive targets for malicious attacks. Due to the ad-hoc nature and openness of wireless sensor networks, they are susceptible to the identity based attack. In this paper, we study on a process of named Attack Detection and Localization Scheme to detect and localize the identity based attacks. An improved algorithm for hashing has been proposed. We named it as Effective Hashing Technique (EHT).It generates the Hash keys to differentiate an attacker from a normal node and to reduce the occurrences of any false positives or negatives. Also, our localization algorithm efficiently finds out the position estimates for the nodes

Optimization Based Self-localization for IoT Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper we propose an embedded optimization framework for the simultaneous self-localization of all sensors in wireless sensor networks making use of range measurements from ultra-wideband (UWB) signals. Low-power UWB radios, which provide time-of-arrival measurements with decimeter accuracy over large distances, have been increasingly envisioned for realtime localization of IoT devices in GPS-denied environments and large sensor networks. In this work, we therefore explore different non-linear least-squares optimization problems to formulate the localization task based on UWB range measurements. We solve the resulting optimization problems directly using non-linear-programming algorithms that guarantee convergence to locally optimal solutions. This optimization framework allows the consistent comparison of different optimization methods for sensor localization. We propose and demonstrate the best optimization approach for the self-localization of sensors equipped with off-the-shelf microcontrollers using state-of-the-art code generation techniques for the plug-and-play deployment of the optimal localization algorithm. Numerical results indicate that the proposed approach improves localization accuracy and decreases computation times relative to existing iterative methods

Joint estimation and localization in sensor networks

This paper addresses the problem of collaborative tracking of dynamic targets in wireless sensor networks. A novel distributed linear estimator, which is a version of a distributed Kalman filter, is derived. We prove that the filter is mean square consistent in the case of static target estimation. When large sensor networks are deployed, it is common that the sensors do not have good knowledge of their locations, which affects the target estimation procedure. Unlike most existing approaches for target tracking, we investigate the performance of our filter when the sensor poses need to be estimated by an auxiliary localization procedure. The sensors are localized via a distributed Jacobi algorithm from noisy relative measurements. We prove strong convergence guarantees for the localization method and in turn for the joint localization and target estimation approach. The performance of our algorithms is demonstrated in simulation on environmental monitoring and target tracking tasks