The Role of Knowledge in Constructing the Quality of Olive Oil in Spain

The sustainability of a large proportion of Spanish olive oil-producing territories depends to a great extent on their capacity to fit into a specific model of food quality. The strategies used in the di erent territories di er with respect to their adherence to the objectifiable conception of quality, based on scientific-technical knowledge, or subjectivating conception of quality, based on tacit and practical knowledge. In this paper, we analyse the route taken by two territories with olive oil protected designation of origin (PDO) status in Spain to construct their quality model, the type of knowledge that has been applied and how knowledge processes a ect the construction of sustainable quality models. This study applies a qualitative methodology based on participative observation and semi-structured interviews with key actors of the territories. The results indicate that processes of production, reproduction and dissemination of knowledge are basic pillars for the construction of sustainable quality projects. The degree of understanding of the objectifiable and subjectivating conception of quality in olive-producing territories and the interaction between them depend on the specific characteristics of the territory, the objectives set in connection to the olive oil quality method, the importance given to the di erent types of knowledge, and its standing on the issue of territorial sustainabilit

Universities in Imperial Austria 1848–1918

"Combining history of science and a history of universities with the new imperial history, Universities in Imperial Austria 1848–1918: A Social History of a Multilingual Space by Jan Surman analyzes the practice of scholarly migration and its lasting influence on the intellectual output in the Austrian part of the Habsburg Empire. The Habsburg Empire and its successor states were home to developments that shaped Central Europe's scholarship well into the twentieth century. Universities became centers of both state- and nation-building, as well as of confessional resistance, placing scholars if not in conflict, then certainly at odds with the neutral international orientation of academe

Montaje y puesta en marcha de un secador por lotes semiautomático de bandejas por aire caliente

Designing specific equipment as a teaching and investigation tool in engineering is an interesting alternative for reducing costs and contributing towards local appropriation of knowledge and technology. It makes adaptation to the environment easier and reduces technology dependency. This work shows how a semiautomatic hot-air tray-dryer was designed, built and brought into operation, describing the pertinent engineering stages. The dryer was controlled by using Microsoft Visual Basic and could simulate environmental conditions (temperature and humidity) anywhere in Colombia. Drying curves for Dominico Hartón variety banana were made for two temperatures (50°C and 70°C), in duplicate, to validate the equipment.El diseño de equipos especiales realizados a la medida y que apoyen tanto la docencia como la investigación en ingeniería es una interesante alternativa para disminuir costos y para que el conocimiento y la tecnología se apropien localmente, facilitando su adaptación a las necesidades del entorno y disminuyendo la dependencia tecnológica. En este trabajo se diseñó, construyó y puso en marcha un secador semiautomático de bandejas por aire caliente semiautomático, siguiendo las etapas de ingeniería. El secador es controlado por medio de Microsoft Visual Basic y permite simular las condiciones ambientales (temperatura y humedad) de cualquier parte del país (Colombia). Para realizar la validación del equipo se hicieron curvas de secado de plátano variedad Dominico Hartón a dos temperaturas (50 y 70 °C), por duplicado