Collaborative Multi-Resource Allocation in Terrestrial-Satellite Network Towards 6G

Terrestrial-satellite networks (TSNs) are envisioned to play a significant role in the sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. In such networks, hot air balloons are useful as they can relay the signals between satellites and ground stations. Most existing works assume that the hot air balloons are deployed at the same height with the same minimum elevation angle to the satellites, which may not be practical due to possible route conflict with airplanes and other flight equipment. In this paper, we consider a TSN containing hot air balloons at different heights and with different minimum elevation angles, which creates the challenge of non-uniform available serving time for the communication between the hot air balloons and the satellites. Jointly considering the caching, computing, and communication (3C) resource management for both the ground-balloon-satellite links and inter-satellite laser links, our objective is to maximize the network energy efficiency. Firstly, by proposing a tapped water-filling algorithm, we schedule the traffic to relay among satellites according to the available serving time of satellites. Then, we generate a series of configuration matrices, based on which we formulate the relation between relay time and the power consumption involved in the relay among satellites. Finally, the collaborative resource allocation problem for TSN is modeled and solved by geometric programming with Taylor series approximation. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme

Advanced SDN-Based QoS and Security Solutions for Heterogeneous Networks

This thesis tries to study how SDN can be employed in order to support Quality of Service and how the support of this functionality is fundamental for today networks. Considering, not only the present networks, but also the next generation ones, the importance of the SDN paradigm become manifest as the use of satellite networks, which can be useful considering their broadcasting capabilities. For these reasons, this research focuses its attention on satellite - terrestrial networks and in particular on the use of SDN inside this environment. An important fact to be taken into account is that the growing of the information technologies has pave the way for new possible threats. This research study tries to cover also this problem considering how SDN can be employed for the detection of past and future malware inside networks

Recent trends in IP/NGEO satellite communication systems: transport, routing, and mobility management concerns

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:17500030/研究代表者:加藤寧/インターネットと高親和性を有する次世代低軌道衛星ネットワークに関する基盤研究

SATELLITE BASED DATA COMMUNICATION: A SURVEY

ABSTRACT Satellite communication is well known in providing best services where broadcasting is essential, where terrain is hostile and very sparsely populated. It also has niche where rapid deployment is very critical and important. In Global Network Infrastructure satellite is considered as an inseparable component of the communication infrastructure. A variety of research work has been explored and published for satellite based data communication & networking. It is utmost important to conduct a survey on different aspects and research issues of satellite based communication with a focus on the latest development. In this paper, we summarize, compare & comments on the approaches proposed for the satellite based data communication with keeping in view the parameters like Quality of service, Interplanetary Internet, Mobility management, explicit load balancing and packet reordering issue

Architectural Model for Evaluating Space Communication Networks

[ANGLÈS] The space exploration endeavor started in 1957 with the launch and operation of the first manmade satellite, the URSS Sputnik 1. Since then, multiple space programs have been developed, pushing the limits of technology and science but foremost unveiling the mysteries of the universe. In all these cases, the need for flexible and reliable communication systems has been primordial, allowing the return of collected science data and, when necessary, ensuring the well-being and safety of astronauts. To that end, multiple space communication networks have been globally deployed, be it through geographically distributed ground assets or through space relay satellites. Until now most of these systems have relied upon mature technology standards that have been adapted to the specific needs of particular missions and customers. Nevertheless, current trends in the space programs suggest that a shift of paradigm is needed: an Internet-like space network would increase the capacity and reliability of an interplanetary network while dramatically reducing its overall costs. In this context, the System Architecting Paradigm can be a good starting point. Through its formal decomposition of the system, it can help determine the architecturally distinguishing decisions and identify potential areas of commonality and cost reduction. This thesis presents a general framework to evaluate space communication relay systems for the near Earth domain. It indicates the sources of complexity in the modeling process, and discusses the validity and appropriateness of past approaches to the problem. In particular, it proposes a discussion of current models vis-à-vis the System Architecting Paradigm and how they fit into tradespace exploration studies. Next, the thesis introduces a computational performance model for the analysis and fast simulation of space relay satellite systems. The tool takes advantage of a specifically built-in rule-based expert system for storing the constitutive elements of the architecture and perform logical interactions between them. Analogously, it uses numerical models to assess the network topology over a given timeframe, perform physical layer computations and calculate plausible schedules for the overall system. In particular, it presents a newly developed heuristic scheduler that guarantees prioritization of specific missions and services while ensuring manageable computational times.[CASTELLÀ] El inicio de la carrera espacial se inició en 1957 con el lanzamiento y operación del primer satélite artificial, el Sputnik 1 de la URSS. Desde entonces se han desarrollado múltiples programas espaciales que han llevado al límite tanto la tecnología como la ciencia y han permitido desvelar los misterios del universo. En todos estos casos, la necesidad de sistemas de comunicación flexibles y fiables ha sido primordial con el fin de asegurar el retorno de los datos científicos recopilados y, en ciertos casos, garantizar la seguridad de los astronautas. Como consecuencia, múltiples redes de comunicaciones espaciales han sido desplegadas, ya sea a través de antenas globalmente distribuidas a través de la superficie terrestre o mediante satélites repetidores. Hasta ahora la mayoría de estos sistemas se ha basado en estándares tecnológicos maduros y testeados, los cuales se han adaptado con el fin de satisfacer las necesidades específicas de cada misión y cliente. Sin embargo, las tendencias actuales en el diseño de los nuevos programas espaciales indica que un cambio de paradigma es necesario: una red espacial a imagen de Internet permitiría incrementar la capacidad y fiabilidad de las comunicaciones interplanetarias y, a la vez, reducir dramáticamente sus costes. En este contexto, el paradigma de arquitectura de sistemas puede ser un buen punto de partida. Mediante la descomposición formal del sistema, puede ayudar a determinar las decisiones que tienen un impacto cabal en el diseño de la arquitectura así como identificar las áreas con tecnologías similares y de menor coste. Esta tesis presenta un marco teórico general para evaluar sistemas de comunicaciones espaciales para misiones que orbitan la Tierra. Adicionalmente, la tesis indica los principales orígenes de complejidad durante el modelado del sistema y presenta una discusión sobre la validez de anteriores estrategias para analizar el problema. En concreto, propone una comparación de anteriores modelos respecto el paradigma de arquitectura de sistemas y su grado de adecuación para evaluar y comprar arquitecturas. A continuación, la tesis introduce un modelo computacional para simular y evaluar el rendimiento de sistemas de repetidores por satélite. La herramienta utiliza un rule-based expert system específicamente diseñado con el fin de almacenar los principales elementos constitutivos de la arquitectura y comprender las interacciones lógicas entre ellos. Análogamente, el modelo usa métodos numéricos con el fin de calcular la evolución temporal de la topología de la red en un determinado intervalo de tiempo, así como su capa física y un posible programa de contactos. En concreto, presenta un nuevo scheduler heurístico que garantiza la correcta ordenación de las misiones y servicios a la vez que asegura un tiempo computacional aceptable.[CATALÀ] L'inici de la cursa espacial va iniciar-se l'any 1957 amb el llançament i operació del primer satèl·lit artificial, l'Sputnik 1 de la URSS. Des d'aleshores s'han dut a terme múltiples programes espacials que han portat al límit tant la tecnologia com la ciència i han permès desvelar els misteris de l'univers. En tots aquests casos, la necessitat de sistemes de comunicació flexibles i fiables ha sigut primordial per tal d'assegurar el retorn de les dades científiques recopilades i, en certs casos, garantir el benestar i seguretat dels astronautes. Com a conseqüència, múltiples xarxes de comunicacions espacials han sigut desplegades, ja sigui a través d'antenes globalment distribuïdes a través de la superfície terrestre o mitjançant satèl·lits repetidors. Fins ara la majoria d'aquests sistemes s'han basat en estàndards tecnològics madurs i testats, els quals s'han adaptat per tal de satisfer les necessitats específiques de cada missió i client. Això no obstant, les tendències actuals en el disseny dels nous programes espacials indica que un canvi de paradigma és necessari: una xarxa espacial a imatge d'Internet permetria incrementar la capacitat i fiabilitat de les comunicacions interplanetàries i, alhora, reduir dramàticament els seu costs. En aquest context, el paradigma d'arquitectura de sistemes pot ser un bon punt de partida. Mitjançant la descomposició formal del sistema, pot ajudar a determinar les decisions que tenen un impacte cabdal en el disseny de l'arquitectura així com permetre identificar àrees amb tecnologies similars i de menor cost. Aquesta tesi presenta un marc teòric general per avaluar sistemes de comunicacions espacials per missions orbitant la Terra. Addicionalment, la tesi indica els principals orígens de complexitat durant el modelatge del sistema i presenta una discussió sobre la validesa d'anteriors estratègies per analitzar el problema. En concret, proposa una comparació d'anteriors models respecte el paradigma d'arquitectura de sistemes i el seu grau d'adequació per avaluar i comparar arquitectures. A continuació, la tesi introdueix un model computacional per simular i avaluar el rendiment de sistemes de repetidors per satèl·lit. L'eina empra un rule-based expert system específicament dissenyat per tal d'emmagatzemar els principals elements constitutius de l'arquitectura i comprendre les interaccions lògiques entre ells. Anàlogament, el model utilitza mètodes numèrics per tal de calcular l'evolució temporal de la topologia de la xarxa en un determinat interval de temps, així com calcular la seva capa física i un possible programa de contactes. En concret, presenta un nou scheduler heurístic que garanteix la correcte ordenació de les missions i serveis tot assegurant un temps de computació acceptable

Service Chaining Placement Based on Satellite Mission Planning in Ground Station Networks

As the increase in satellite number and variety, satellite ground stations should be required to offer user services in a flexible and efficient manner. Network function virtualization (NFV) can provide a new paradigm to allocate network resources on-demand for user services over the underlying network. However, most of the existing work focuses on the virtual network function (VNF) placement and routing traffic problem for enterprise data center networks, the issue needs to further study in satellite communication scenarios. In this paper, we investigate the VNF placement and routing traffic problem in satellite ground station networks. We formulate the problem of resource allocation as an integer linear programming (ILP) model and the objective is to minimize the link resource utilization and the number of servers used. Considering the information about satellite orbit fixation and mission planning, we propose location-aware resource allocation (LARA) algorithms based on Greedy and IBM CPLEX 12.10, respectively. The proposed LARA algorithm can assist in deploying VNFs and routing traffic flows by predicting the running conditions of user services. We evaluate the performance of our proposed LARA algorithm in three networks of Fat-Tree, BCube, and VL2. Simulation results show that our proposed LARA algorithm performs better than that without prediction, and can effectively decrease the average resource utilization of satellite ground station networks

Satellite Networks: Architectures, Applications, and Technologies

Since global satellite networks are moving to the forefront in enhancing the national and global information infrastructures due to communication satellites' unique networking characteristics, a workshop was organized to assess the progress made to date and chart the future. This workshop provided the forum to assess the current state-of-the-art, identify key issues, and highlight the emerging trends in the next-generation architectures, data protocol development, communication interoperability, and applications. Presentations on overview, state-of-the-art in research, development, deployment and applications and future trends on satellite networks are assembled

Handover and Channel Allocation Mechanisms in Mobile Satellite Networks

In this work we study first handover prediction in non-geostationary mobile satellite networks. The ultimate choice of the transition path depends on UT position and signal strength. We investigate the procedure of beam monitoring and propose UT maximum residence as the criterion for path selection. The UT must operate both in full- and half-duplex mode, the latter being desirable when power limitations are imposed. We propose a scheme that achieves this goal and guarantees efficient diversity provision. Constant delay contours on the earth's surface are defined. The problem of reliable time delay acquisition is addressed, in case synchronization is lost. The SBS solves that either by using the known estimate of UT position or by requesting a measurement report by the UT. The problem of channel allocation appears in cellular networks of every kind. Calls arising in the cell overlap area have access to channels of more than one base station and may choose which base station they will use to establish connection. In that case the problems of base station and channel assignment arise jointly. We address the problem in a linear cellular network and aim at the minimumnumber of utilized channels. We present two algorithms: The first one expands Load Balancing in clique populations and is Sequential Clique Load Balancing (SCLB). The second one is named Clique Load Balancing with Inverse Water-Filling (CLB-IWF). In a dynamic environment, we unify SCLB and CLB-IWF into CLB-DA, which comprises Dynamic Allocation. CLB-DA is compared with Least Loaded Routing (LLR) policy and with Random Routing policy. We finally deduce that at light loads CLB-DA outperforms LLR, attaining smaller blocking probability, whereas at heavier loads all three policies converge