84,572 research outputs found
Extracting 3D parametric curves from 2D images of Helical objects
Helical objects occur in medicine, biology, cosmetics, nanotechnology, and engineering. Extracting a 3D parametric curve from a 2D image of a helical object has many practical applications, in particular being able to extract metrics such as tortuosity, frequency, and pitch. We present a method that is able to straighten the image object and derive a robust 3D helical curve from peaks in the object boundary. The algorithm has a small number of stable parameters that require little tuning, and the curve is validated against both synthetic and real-world data. The results show that the extracted 3D curve comes within close Hausdorff distance to the ground truth, and has near identical tortuosity for helical objects with a circular profile. Parameter insensitivity and robustness against high levels of image noise are demonstrated thoroughly and quantitatively
A Survey of IUE Spectra of the Active Binary System UX Arietis
To investigate the ultraviolet (UV) activity of the bright, non-eclipsing,
double-lined spectroscopic binary system UX Ari, IUE spectra (194 images) were
taken from the IUE archive. The spectra, obtained during the period 1978-1996,
show emission lines originating in the chromosphere and transition region. The
long-wavelength low dispersion spectra were examined for ultraviolet excess by
comparing the UV continuum level of UX Ari with the levels of Cet and
Cep in the spectral range 2100 - 3200 . The individual MgII
h and k emission-line fluxes of component stars show that the contributions to
the activity of the system for G5 V and K0 IV are about 20% and 80%,
respectively. Apart from the flare event observed on 1979 Jan 1, there are some
flux enhancements in the years 1987, 1991 and 1994 which may suggest existence
of a periodicity of about 7-9 years. Examination of the ultraviolet excess in
the system showed that there is some UV excess in UX Ari, which varies from 1%
up to 24% with the exception of two images which showed no UV excess. The
results revealed that there was an agreement on the source of emission regions
which could be attributed to the magnetic activity. The contribution of G5 V
and K0 IV components to the MgII activity of the system suggests a need to take
into consideration the spot distribution not only on the surface of K0 IV but
also on the surface of G5 V component of UX Ari.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figure
Measurement and Calibration of Noise Bias in Weak Lensing Galaxy Shape Estimation
Weak gravitational lensing has the potential to constrain cosmological
parameters to high precision. However, as shown by the Shear TEsting Programmes
(STEP) and GRavitational lEnsing Accuracy Testing (GREAT) Challenges, measuring
galaxy shears is a nontrivial task: various methods introduce different
systematic biases which have to be accounted for. We investigate how pixel
noise on the image affects the bias on shear estimates from a
Maximum-Likelihood forward model-fitting approach using a sum of co-elliptical
S\'{e}rsic profiles, in complement to the theoretical approach of an an
associated paper. We evaluate the bias using a simple but realistic galaxy
model and find that the effects of noise alone can cause biases of order 1-10%
on measured shears, which is significant for current and future lensing
surveys. We evaluate a simulation-based calibration method to create a bias
model as a function of galaxy properties and observing conditions. This model
is then used to correct the simulated measurements. We demonstrate that this
method can effectively reduce noise bias so that shear measurement reaches the
level of accuracy required for estimating cosmic shear in upcoming lensing
surveys.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, submitted to MNRA
S\'{e}rsic galaxy models in weak lensing shape measurement: model bias, noise bias and their interaction
Cosmic shear is a powerful probe of cosmological parameters, but its
potential can be fully utilised only if galaxy shapes are measured with great
accuracy. Two major effects have been identified which are likely to account
for most of the bias for maximum likelihood methods in recent shear measurement
challenges. Model bias occurs when the true galaxy shape is not well
represented by the fitted model. Noise bias occurs due to the non-linear
relationship between image pixels and galaxy shape. In this paper we
investigate the potential interplay between these two effects when an imperfect
model is used in the presence of high noise. We present analytical expressions
for this bias, which depends on the residual difference between the model and
real data. They can lead to biases not accounted for in previous calibration
schemes. By measuring the model bias, noise bias and their interaction, we
provide a complete statistical framework for measuring galaxy shapes with model
fitting methods from GRavitational lEnsing Accuracy Testing (GREAT) like
images. We demonstrate the noise and model interaction bias using a simple toy
model, which indicates that this effect can potentially be significant. Using
real galaxy images from the Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) we quantify
the strength of the model bias, noise bias and their interaction. We find that
the interaction term is often a similar size to the model bias term, and is
smaller than the requirements of the current and shortly upcoming galaxy
surveys.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Probabilistic Combination of Noisy Points and Planes for RGB-D Odometry
This work proposes a visual odometry method that combines points and plane
primitives, extracted from a noisy depth camera. Depth measurement uncertainty
is modelled and propagated through the extraction of geometric primitives to
the frame-to-frame motion estimation, where pose is optimized by weighting the
residuals of 3D point and planes matches, according to their uncertainties.
Results on an RGB-D dataset show that the combination of points and planes,
through the proposed method, is able to perform well in poorly textured
environments, where point-based odometry is bound to fail.Comment: Accepted to TAROS 201
- …