25,686 research outputs found
Popular and/or Prestigious? Measures of Scholarly Esteem
Citation analysis does not generally take the quality of citations into
account: all citations are weighted equally irrespective of source. However, a
scholar may be highly cited but not highly regarded: popularity and prestige
are not identical measures of esteem. In this study we define popularity as the
number of times an author is cited and prestige as the number of times an
author is cited by highly cited papers. Information Retrieval (IR) is the test
field. We compare the 40 leading researchers in terms of their popularity and
prestige over time. Some authors are ranked high on prestige but not on
popularity, while others are ranked high on popularity but not on prestige. We
also relate measures of popularity and prestige to date of Ph.D. award, number
of key publications, organizational affiliation, receipt of prizes/honors, and
gender.Comment: 26 pages, 5 figure
Traffic Optimization For a Mixture of Self-interested and Compliant Agents
This paper focuses on two commonly used path assignment policies for agents
traversing a congested network: self-interested routing, and system-optimum
routing. In the self-interested routing policy each agent selects a path that
optimizes its own utility, while the system-optimum routing agents are assigned
paths with the goal of maximizing system performance. This paper considers a
scenario where a centralized network manager wishes to optimize utilities over
all agents, i.e., implement a system-optimum routing policy. In many real-life
scenarios, however, the system manager is unable to influence the route
assignment of all agents due to limited influence on route choice decisions.
Motivated by such scenarios, a computationally tractable method is presented
that computes the minimal amount of agents that the system manager needs to
influence (compliant agents) in order to achieve system optimal performance.
Moreover, this methodology can also determine whether a given set of compliant
agents is sufficient to achieve system optimum and compute the optimal route
assignment for the compliant agents to do so. Experimental results are
presented showing that in several large-scale, realistic traffic networks
optimal flow can be achieved with as low as 13% of the agent being compliant
and up to 54%
Several types of types in programming languages
Types are an important part of any modern programming language, but we often
forget that the concept of type we understand nowadays is not the same it was
perceived in the sixties. Moreover, we conflate the concept of "type" in
programming languages with the concept of the same name in mathematical logic,
an identification that is only the result of the convergence of two different
paths, which started apart with different aims. The paper will present several
remarks (some historical, some of more conceptual character) on the subject, as
a basis for a further investigation. The thesis we will argue is that there are
three different characters at play in programming languages, all of them now
called types: the technical concept used in language design to guide
implementation; the general abstraction mechanism used as a modelling tool; the
classifying tool inherited from mathematical logic. We will suggest three
possible dates ad quem for their presence in the programming language
literature, suggesting that the emergence of the concept of type in computer
science is relatively independent from the logical tradition, until the
Curry-Howard isomorphism will make an explicit bridge between them.Comment: History and Philosophy of Computing, HAPOC 2015. To appear in LNC
A Dual-Beam Method-of-Images 3D Searchlight BSSRDF
We present a novel BSSRDF for rendering translucent materials. Angular
effects lacking in previous BSSRDF models are incorporated by using a dual-beam
formulation. We employ a Placzek's Lemma interpretation of the method of images
and discard diffusion theory. Instead, we derive a plane-parallel
transformation of the BSSRDF to form the associated BRDF and optimize the image
confiurations such that the BRDF is close to the known analytic solutions for
the associated albedo problem. This ensures reciprocity, accurate colors, and
provides an automatic level-of-detail transition for translucent objects that
appear at various distances in an image. Despite optimizing the subsurface
fluence in a plane-parallel setting, we find that this also leads to fairly
accurate fluence distributions throughout the volume in the original 3D
searchlight problem. Our method-of-images modifications can also improve the
accuracy of previous BSSRDFs.Comment: added clarifying text and 1 figure to illustrate the metho
Predicativity and parametric polymorphism of Brouwerian implication
A common objection to the definition of intuitionistic implication in the
Proof Interpretation is that it is impredicative. I discuss the history of that
objection, argue that in Brouwer's writings predicativity of implication is
ensured through parametric polymorphism of functions on species, and compare
this construal with the alternative approaches to predicative implication of
Goodman, Dummett, Prawitz, and Martin-L\"of.Comment: Added further references (Pistone, Poincar\'e, Tabatabai, Van Atten
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