Employee Stock Ownership and Financial Performance in European Countries: The Moderating Effects of Uncertainty Avoidance and Social Trust

This study investigates how the effect of employee stock ownership on financial performance may hinge on the diverse cultural and societal contexts of European countries. Based on agency and national culture theories, we hypothesize that the positive relationship between employee stock ownership and return on assets (ROA) is stronger in those nations with lower uncertainty avoidance and higher social trust. Using a multisource, time‐lagged, large‐scale dataset of 1,741 firms from 21 countries in Europe, our multilevel, random coefficient modeling analysis found evidence for these hypotheses, suggesting that uncertainty avoidance and social trust serve as important contextual cues in predicting the linkage between employee stock ownership and financial performance. Our supplemental analysis with distinction between the managerial and nonmanagerial employee stock ownership further indicates managerial employee stock ownership has a direct positive effect on ROA. Although nonmanagerial employee stock ownership had a nonsignificant association with ROA, the relationship was positive and significant when uncertainty avoidance was low and social trust was high. This research contributes to the existing literature by illuminating some of the contextual influences altering the effectiveness of employee stock ownership. Our findings also offer practical suggestions for effectively using employee stock ownership

Proactive and politically skilled professionals: What is the relationship with affective occupational commitment?

The aim of this study is to extend research on employee affective commitment in three ways: (1) instead of organizational commitment the focus is on occupational commitment; (2) the role of proactive personality on affective occupational commitment is examined; and (3) occupational satisfaction is examined as a mediator and political skills as moderator in the relationship between proactive personality and affective occupational commitment. Two connected studies, one in a hospital located in the private sector and one in a university located in the public sector, are carried out in Pakistan, drawing on a total sample of over 400 employees. The results show that proactive personality is positively related to affective occupational commitment, and that occupational satisfaction partly mediates the relationship between proactive personality and affective occupational commitment. No effect is found for a moderator effect of political skills in the relationship between proactive personality and affective occupational commitment. Political skills however moderate the relationship between proactive personality and affective organizational commitment

Unethical Leadership and Followers’ Deviance: The Mediating Role of Perception of Politics and Injustice

This paper posits that unethical leadership behavior increases followers’ deviance by increasing perception of injustice and politics in organizations. More specifically, perception of politics and injustice mediates the relationship between unethical leadership behavior and followers’ deviance. By using data from 262 employees of various public organizations in Ethiopia, we confirmed our hypothesis. Further, the result of multiple regression confirmed that the relationship between unethical leadership behavior and followers’ deviance would be stronger when followers develop a perception of politics in the workplace

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON MEDIATED MULTI-ROUTES TR MODEL BASED ON SC PLATFORM

With the new era of intellectual economic, intellectual capital became the critical components of wealth creation. Core employees with higher organizational performance characteristics are often entitled Talent for their key networking status in creating the organizational intelligent capital values. They can also be competed hotly by other competitor in human capitall market. In the field of talents’ retention (TC), the empirical study of relationship-oriented between talents’ performance and voluntary turnover by modeling is taking lead way in highlighting the talents’ turnover mechanism. This paper, after survey in the cross- industries samples, developed talents’ performance characters- withdraw tendency model by introducing social capital (SC) construction and way of combination of the literature methodology and the empirical study.Talent retention, Social capital, Performance character, Withdraw tendency

Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Entrepreneurial Management and Environmental Dynamism on Firm’s Financial Performance

Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) involves business mindset and behavior. The firm and industry context of entrepreneurship has always fascinated researchers for inquiry. The main aim of this study is to establish an association of factors such as EO characteristics (innovativeness and risk-taking), Entrepreneurial Management (EM), and Environmental Dynamism (ED) with firm’s financial performance. The objective also includes examining the moderating impact of EM and ED respectively on the link between EO characteristics and firm performance. This investigation covered small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan from the cities of Islamabad and Lahore, and constituted a diverse sample of entrepreneurs from various sectors. Results reveal direct positive, individual relationships of innovativeness, risk-taking, and EM with firm’s financial performance. As far as moderating influence is concerned, EM and ED could not establish any significant interaction between EO characteristics and firm performance. Interestingly, from the contextual landscape of this study, risk-taking and EM have proved to be stronger, more consistent and stable predictors of performance compared with innovativeness. The EO dimension of innovativeness exhibits dual results of either strong or very weak predictor to performance, hence implying vulnerability. In fact, running full regression, the impact of innovativeness on performance gets diminished in the presence of risk-taking and EM. The investigation also reveals that when controlling for ED the analytical framework shows a slightly better degree of association between predictor and criterion variables. Under the context of this study it, therefore, concludes that SME managers should rely more on risk-taking dimension of EO compared with innovativeness especially in executing entrepreneurial management (EM) approaches

ILR Research in Progress 2006-07

The production of scholarly research continues to be one of the primary missions of the ILR School. During a typical academic year, ILR faculty members published or had accepted for publication over 25 books, edited volumes, and monographs, 170 articles and chapters in edited volumes, numerous book reviews. In addition, a large number of manuscripts were submitted for publication, presented at professional association meetings, or circulated in working paper form. Our faculty's research continues to find its way into the very best industrial relations, social science and statistics journals.Research_in_Progress_2006_07.pdf: 18 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Institutional Influences on strategic entrepreneurial Behaviours

The purpose of this paper is to examine the existence of cross-level moderating effects between national appropriability conditions, individual level predictors and entrepreneurial growth aspirations. We test a multi-level model that connects the determinants of strategic resource allocation decisions at the individual level with the strength of the intellectual property rights regime at the national level. The results suggest that the strengths of the intellectual property regime will moderate negatively the relationship between an individual's education and her growth aspirations and moderate positively the relationship between an individual's income and her growth aspirations. The findings support claims that strategic entrepreneurial behavior cannot be fully understood without giving attention to the context in which those behaviors are observed.strategic entrepreneurship, multi-level analysis, intellectual property protection, growth aspirations

How HRM control affects boundary-spanning employees’ behavioural strategies and satisfaction : The moderating impact of cultural performance orientation

This study examines how cultural performance orientation moderates the influence of human resource management (HRM) controls on boundary-spanning employees’ behavioural strategies and satisfaction.HRM control; national culture; performance orientation; boundary-spanning employees; salespeople

The Interface of Work to Family Conflict and Racioethnic Identification: An Analysis of Hispanic Business Professionals

This article examines work to family conflict for Hispanic Business Professionals with varied levels of Hispanic identity. Based on this study of 971 Hispanics from across the United States, results show that level of Hispanic identity moderates the relationship between work to family conflict and job satisfaction. The authors posit that identification with a culture of collectivism may attenuate the negative impact of work to family conflict on job satisfaction, enabling Hispanic professionals to view work as a way of supporting the family and contributing to the greater good of the groups to which they belong