Noneuclidean Tessellations and their relation to Reggie Trajectories

The coefficients in the confluent hypergeometric equation specify the Regge trajectories and the degeneracy of the angular momentum states. Bound states are associated with real angular momenta while resonances are characterized by complex angular momenta. With a centrifugal potential, the half-plane is tessellated by crescents. The addition of an electrostatic potential converts it into a hydrogen atom, and the crescents into triangles which may have complex conjugate angles; the angle through which a rotation takes place is accompanied by a stretching. Rather than studying the properties of the wave functions themselves, we study their symmetry groups. A complex angle indicates that the group contains loxodromic elements. Since the domain of such groups is not the disc, hyperbolic plane geometry cannot be used. Rather, the theory of the isometric circle is adapted since it treats all groups symmetrically. The pairing of circles and their inverses is likened to pairing particles with their antiparticles which then go one to produce nested circles, or a proliferation of particles. A corollary to Laguerre's theorem, which states that the euclidean angle is represented by a pure imaginary projective invariant, represents the imaginary angle in the form of a real projective invariant.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figure

Inversion of the Momenta Doppler Transform in two dimensions

We introduce an analytic method which stably reconstructs both components of a (sufficiently) smooth, real valued, vector field compactly supported in the plane from knowledge of its Doppler transform and its first moment Doppler transform. The method of proof is constructive. Numerical inversion results indicate robustness of the method.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figure

Histogram Tomography

In many tomographic imaging problems the data consist of integrals along lines or curves. Increasingly we encounter "rich tomography" problems where the quantity imaged is higher dimensional than a scalar per voxel, including vectors tensors and functions. The data can also be higher dimensional and in many cases consists of a one or two dimensional spectrum for each ray. In many such cases the data contain not just integrals along rays but the distribution of values along the ray. If this is discretized into bins we can think of this as a histogram. In this paper we introduce the concept of "histogram tomography". For scalar problems with histogram data this holds the possibility of reconstruction with fewer rays. In vector and tensor problems it holds the promise of reconstruction of images that are in the null space of related integral transforms. For scalar histogram tomography problems we show how bins in the histogram correspond to reconstructing level sets of function, while moments of the distribution are the x-ray transform of powers of the unknown function. In the vector case we give a reconstruction procedure for potential components of the field. We demonstrate how the histogram longitudinal ray transform data can be extracted from Bragg edge neutron spectral data and hence, using moments, a non-linear system of partial differential equations derived for the strain tensor. In x-ray diffraction tomography of strain the transverse ray transform can be deduced from the diffraction pattern the full histogram transverse ray transform cannot. We give an explicit example of distributions of strain along a line that produce the same diffraction pattern, and characterize the null space of the relevant transform.Comment: Small corrections from last versio

Consistent Inversion of Noisy Non-Abelian X-Ray Transforms

For $M$ a simple surface, the non-linear statistical inverse problem of recovering a matrix field $\Phi: M \to \mathfrak{so}(n)$ from discrete, noisy measurements of the $SO(n)$-valued scattering data $C_\Phi$ of a solution of a matrix ODE is considered ($n\geq 2$). Injectivity of the map $\Phi \mapsto C_\Phi$ was established by [Paternain, Salo, Uhlmann; Geom.Funct.Anal. 2012]. A statistical algorithm for the solution of this inverse problem based on Gaussian process priors is proposed, and it is shown how it can be implemented by infinite-dimensional MCMC methods. It is further shown that as the number $N$ of measurements of point-evaluations of $C_\Phi$ increases, the statistical error in the recovery of $\Phi$ converges to zero in $L^2(M)$-distance at a rate that is algebraic in $1/N$, and approaches $1/\sqrt N$ for smooth matrix fields $\Phi$. The proof relies, among other things, on a new stability estimate for the inverse map $C_\Phi \to \Phi$. Key applications of our results are discussed in the case $n=3$ to polarimetric neutron tomography, see [Desai et al., Nature Sc.Rep. 2018] and [Hilger et al., Nature Comm. 2018

Analytic Inversion of a Conical Radon Transform Arising in Application of Compton Cameras on the Cylinder

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a well-established clinical tool for functional imaging. A limitation of current SPECT systems is the use of mechanical collimation, where only a small fraction of the emitted photons are actually used for image reconstruction. This results in a large noise level and finally in a limited spatial resolution. In order to decrease the noise level and to increase the imaging resolution, Compton cameras have been proposed as an alternative to mechanical collimators. Image reconstruction in SPECT with Compton cameras yields the problem of recovering a marker distribution from integrals over conical surfaces. Due to this and other applications, such conical Radon transforms recently got significant attention. In the current paper we consider the case where the cones of integration have vertices on a circular cylinder and axis pointing to the symmetry axis of the cylinder. Our setup does not use all emitted photons but a much larger fraction than systems based on mechanical collimation. Further, it may be simpler to be fabricated than a Compton camera system collecting full five-dimensional data. As main theoretical results in this paper we derive analytic reconstruction methods for the considered transform. We also investigate the V-line transform with vertices on a circle and symmetry axis orthogonal to the circle, which arises in the special case where the absorber distribution is located in a horizontal plane