Appraisal of Lighting Strategies for Achieving Environmental Sustainability in Selected Art Museums and Galleries in Nigeria

Lighting in the display areas of art museums and galleries is a key facilitator of an effective design. However, this brings to the fore the issue of environmental sustainability. This study investigated the use of lighting strategies in three selected art museums and galleries in Nigeria to ascertain how effective they are in achieving energy conservation, towards attaining environmental sustainability in developing the built environment. The study adopted a qualitative research method that obtained primary data with the aid of an observation guide developed for the research. Results were content analysed and presented descriptively with plates and tables. The results indicated that both daylighting and artificial lighting strategies of several types were utilized. However, the daylighting strategies were used in the display areas as supportive measures and the use of artificial lighting techniques was found to be prominent. Using both strategies helped to effectively light the display areas and encouraged energy conservation, thereby encouraging environmental sustainability. The study underscored the importance of appreciably integrating daylighting strategies with artificial lighting techniques in the development of display areas of museums and galleries right from the design stage. It suggested the use of the combined lighting system so that the daylighting strategies are optimised to the level that can cause a significant reduction in the use of artificial lighting techniques to meaningfully conserve energy. This will in turn stimulate environmental sustainability, especially where artworks not affected by direct rays from the sun are exhibited

Evaluation of Users' Satisfaction with Lighting Strategies in Selected Art Museum and Galleries in Nigeria

To achieve effective communication between displayed works and users in art museums and galleries, some environmental factors must be satisfied. Paramount among such factors is lighting. The provision of adequate lighting is a vital component for achieving effective and sustainable display areas in art museums and galleries. To assess the adequacy of lighting in the display areas, users’ opinion is central. This study evaluated users' satisfaction with lighting strategies in display areas of selected art museum and galleries in Nigeria, to identify areas for further improvements. The study adopted qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative data was collected with the aid of an observation guide from one museum and two galleries, and content analysed. Whereas quantitative data was gathered with a closed-end structured questionnaire from 175 respondents across the three selected establishments and analysed with Statistical Product and Service Solutions software. The results were presented descriptively with the aid of tables, figures, and plates for better comprehension. The results showed that users were to a considerable extent satisfied with the lighting strategies employed which were predominantly artificial lighting which includes, fluorescent and incandescent lighting. The strategies employed are: down, up, front, side, and back-lighting, However, to enhance users’ satisfaction, the majority of the respondents suggested the use of daylighting strategies in the display areas where the exhibited works are not susceptible to light damage. The study recommended that while seeking to adopt lighting strategies that protect and preserve the value of artworks in display areas, architects should take into consideration the utmost importance of users’ visual comfort and well-being. Safe artificial and daylighting strategies should also be integrated right from the site planning to the lighting design and implementation stages

Review of Lighting Strategies for Enhancing Users' Experience and 3 Achieving Environmental Sustainability in Art Museums

Art museums hold a distinct role as custodians of cultural heritage, housing a rich tapestry of artefacts that encapsulate human creativity, history, and identity. The interaction between mu11 seum displays and visitors hinges on lighting, a critical factor in enhancing user experiences and preserving ecological balance. This review paper explores the intricate relationship between lighting strategies, user satisfaction, and environmental sustainability within the context of art museums. 14 This paper is particularly centered on achieving two intertwined objectives: enhancing the quality of user interactions and experiences, while concurrently championing principles of environmental reservation and sustainability. By reviewing relevant scholarly articles, books, conference papers, and reports, this paper explores the current state of knowledge regarding lighting strategies in art museums, their impact on users' experience, and their contribution to environmental sustainability. Using the qualitative approach, data was gathered by content analysis from relevant published works. The result was presented with text in themes with the aid of a table. The review reveals key trends, challenges, and best practices in the field, shedding light on potential avenues for further research and practical implementation. The study provided insight into various lighting strategies that are not deleterious to interior functions and artefacts in art museums. The study is useful for enhancing the knowledge of building and environment on issues relating to optimizing lighting strategies in the development of exhibition areas, especially in art museums

Evaluation of Users' Satisfaction with Lighting Strategies in Selected Art Museum and Galleries in Nigeria

To achieve effective communication between displayed works and users in art museums and galleries, some environmental factors must be satisfied. Paramount among such factors is lighting. The provision of adequate lighting is a vital component for achieving effective and sustainable display areas in art museums and galleries. To assess the adequacy of lighting in the display areas, users’ opinion is central. This study evaluated users' satisfaction with lighting strategies in display areas of selected art museum and galleries in Nigeria, to identify areas for further improvements. The study adopted qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative data was collected with the aid of an observation guide from one museum and two galleries, and content analysed. Whereas quantitative data was gathered with a closed-end structured questionnaire from 175 respondents across the three selected establishments and analysed with Statistical Product and Service Solutions software. The results were presented descriptively with the aid of tables, figures, and plates for better comprehension. The results showed that users were to a considerable extent satisfied with the lighting strategies employed which were predominantly artificial lighting which includes, fluorescent and incandescent lighting. The strategies employed are: down, up, front, side, and back-lighting, However, to enhance users’ satisfaction, the majority of the respondents suggested the use of daylighting strategies in the display areas where the exhibited works are not susceptible to light damage. The study recommended that while seeking to adopt lighting strategies that protect and preserve the value of artworks in display areas, architects should take into consideration the utmost importance of users’ visual comfort and well-being. Safe artificial and daylighting strategies should also be integrated right from the site planning to the lighting design and implementation stages

Assessment of Lighting Strategies and Their Influence on Users' Experience in Art Galleries

Adequate daylighting represents both an element of pleasure and at the same time, an element of pain. Often, these two essentials tend to conflict with one another since revealing artwork to a source of concentrated light can sometimes affect its eminence. There is, therefore, a significant need to assess lighting strategies used in art galleries and their influence on users of art galleries. This project aims to assess lighting strategies and their influence on the users of selected art galleries. This research made use of quantitative research approach. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire, and the IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) was used to analyze the quantitative data. Results show that natural lighting is essential in achieving a positive user experience, and the positioning of openings should be considered when designing an exhibition space to avoid glare. Conclusively natural lighting should be considered in designing exhibition spaces. In other to achieve this natural lighting without hurting the users, positioning of the opening ought to be considered carefully. In conclusion, lighting strategies used an exhibitio

Efficient global illumination calculation for inverse lighting problems

La luz es un elemento clave en la manera en que percibimos y experimentamos nuestro entorno. Como tal, es un objeto mas a modelar en el proceso de diseño, de forma similar a como ocurre con las formas y los materiales. Las intenciones de iluminacion (LI) son los objetivos y restricciones que el diseñador pretende alcanzar en el proceso del diseño de iluminaci´on: ¿qué superficies se deben iluminar con luz natural y cuales con luz artificial?, ¿qué zonas deben estar en sombra?, ¿cuales son las intensidades maximas y mínimas permitidas? Satisfacer las LI consiste en encontrar la ubicacion, forma e intensidad adecuada de las fuentes luminosas. Este tipo de problemas se define como un problema inverso de iluminacion (ILP) que se resuelve con tecnicas de optimizacion. En el contexto anterior, el objetivo de esta tesis consiste en proponer metodos eficientes para resolver ILP. Este objetivo es motivado por la brecha percibida entre los problemas habituales de diseño de iluminacion y las herramientas computacionales existentes para su resolucion. Las herramientas desarrolladas por la industria se especializan en evaluar configuraciones de iluminacion previamente diseñadas, y las desarrolladas por la academia resuelven problemas relativamente sencillos a costos elevados. Las propuestas cubren distintos aspectos del proceso de optimizacion, que van desde la formulacion del problema a su resolucion. Estan desarrolladas para el caso en que las superficies poseen reflexion e iluminacion difusas y se basan en el calculo de una aproximacion de rango bajo de la matriz de radiosidad. Algunos resultados obtenidos son: el calculo acelerado de la radiosidad de la escena en una unidad de procesamiento gr´afico (GPU); el uso de la heuristica \201Cvariable neighborhood search\201D (VNS) para la resolucion de ILP; el planteo de una estructura multinivel para tratar ILP de forma escalonada; y el uso de tecnicas para optimizar la configuracion de filtros de luz. Otros resultados obtenidos se basan en la formulacion de las LI en funcion de la media y desviacion estandar de las radiosidades halladas. Se propone un metodo para generar LI que contengan esos parametros estadisticos, y otro metodo para acelerar su evaluacion. Con estos resultados se logran tiempos de respuesta interactivos. Por último, las tecnicas anteriores adolecen de una etapa de pre-cómputo relativamente costosa, por tanto se propone acelerar el calculo de la inversa de la matriz de radiosidad a partir de una muestra de factores de forma. Los métodos aquí presentados fueron publicados en seis articulos, tres de ellos en congresos internacionales y tres en revistas arbitradas.Light is a key element that influences the way we perceive and experience our environment. As such, light is an object to be modeled in the design process, as happens with the forms and materials. The lighting intentions (LI) are the objectives and constraints that designers want to achieve in the process of lighting design: which surfaces should be illuminated with natural and which with artificial light?, which surfaces should be in shadow?, which are the maximum and minimum intensities allowed? The fulfillment of the LI consists in finding the location, shape and intensity appropriate for the light sources. This problem is defined as an inverse lighting problem (ILP), solved by optimization techniques. In the above context, the aim of this thesis is the proposal of efficient methods to solve ILP. This objective is motivated by the perceived gap between the usual problems of lighting design, and the computational tools developed for its resolution. The tools developed by the industry specialize in evaluating previously designed lighting configurations, and those developed by the academia solve relatively simple problems at a high computational cost. The proposals cover several aspects of the optimization process, ranging from the formulation of the problem to its resolution. They are developed for the case in which the surfaces have Lambertian reflection and illumination, and are based on the calculation of a low rank approximation to the radiosity matrix. Some results are: rapid calculation of radiosity of the scene in a graphics processing unit (GPU), the use of heuristics “variable neighborhood search” (VNS) for solving ILP, the proposition of a multilevel structure to solve ILP in a stepwise approach, and the use of these techniques to optimize the configuration of light filters. Other results are based on the formulation of LI that use the mean and standard deviation of the radiosity values found. A method is proposed for generating LI containing these parameters, and another method is developed to speed up their evaluations. With these results we achieve interactive response times. Finally, the above techniques suffer from a costly pre-computing stage and therefore, a method is proposed to accelerate the calculation of the radiosity inverse matrix based on a sample of the form factors. The methods presented here were published in six articles, three of them at international conferences and three in peer reviewed journals

Novel Methods and Algorithms for Presenting 3D Scenes

In recent years, improvements in the acquisition and creation of 3D models gave rise to an increasing availability of 3D content and to a widening of the audience such content is created for, which brought into focus the need for effective ways to visualize and interact with it. Until recently, the task of virtual inspection of a 3D object or navigation inside a 3D scene was carried out by using human machine interaction (HMI) metaphors controlled through mouse and keyboard events. However, this interaction approach may be cumbersome for the general audience. Furthermore, the inception and spread of touch-based mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, redefined the interaction problem entirely, since neither mouse nor keyboards are available anymore. The problem is made even worse by the fact that these devices are typically lower power if compared to desktop machines, while high-quality rendering is a computationally intensive task. In this thesis, we present a series of novel methods for the easy presentation of 3D content both when it is already available in a digitized form and when it must be acquired from the real world by image-based techniques. In the first case, we propose a method which takes as input the 3D scene of interest and an example video, and it automatically produces a video of the input scene that resembles the given video example. In other words, our algorithm allows the user to replicate an existing video, for example, a video created by a professional animator, on a different 3D scene. In the context of image-based techniques, exploiting the inherent spatial organization of photographs taken for the 3D reconstruction of a scene, we propose an intuitive interface for the smooth stereoscopic navigation of the acquired scene providing an immersive experience without the need of a complete 3D reconstruction. Finally, we propose an interactive framework for improving low-quality 3D reconstructions obtained through image-based reconstruction algorithms. Using few strokes on the input images, the user can specify high-level geometric hints to improve incomplete or noisy reconstructions which are caused by various quite common conditions often arising for objects such as buildings, streets and numerous other human-made functional elements