Fully automated urban traffic system

The replacement of the driver with an automatic system which could perform the functions of guiding and routing a vehicle with a human's capability of responding to changing traffic demands was discussed. The problem was divided into four technological areas; guidance, routing, computing, and communications. It was determined that the latter three areas being developed independent of any need for fully automated urban traffic. A guidance system that would meet system requirements was not being developed but was technically feasible

The Dynamics of Vehicular Networks in Urban Environments

Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) have emerged as a platform to support intelligent inter-vehicle communication and improve traffic safety and performance. The road-constrained, high mobility of vehicles, their unbounded power source, and the emergence of roadside wireless infrastructures make VANETs a challenging research topic. A key to the development of protocols for inter-vehicle communication and services lies in the knowledge of the topological characteristics of the VANET communication graph. This paper explores the dynamics of VANETs in urban environments and investigates the impact of these findings in the design of VANET routing protocols. Using both real and realistic mobility traces, we study the networking shape of VANETs under different transmission and market penetration ranges. Given that a number of RSUs have to be deployed for disseminating information to vehicles in an urban area, we also study their impact on vehicular connectivity. Through extensive simulations we investigate the performance of VANET routing protocols by exploiting the knowledge of VANET graphs analysis.Comment: Revised our testbed with even more realistic mobility traces. Used the location of real Wi-Fi hotspots to simulate RSUs in our study. Used a larger, real mobility trace set, from taxis in Shanghai. Examine the implications of our findings in the design of VANET routing protocols by implementing in ns-3 two routing protocols (GPCR & VADD). Updated the bibliography section with new research work

Multi-metric Geographic Routing for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

Maintaining durable connectivity during data forwarding in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks has witnessed significant attention in the past few decades with the aim of supporting most modern applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Various techniques for next hop vehicle selection have been suggested in the literature. Most of these techniques are based on selection of next hop vehicles from fixed forwarding region with two or three metrics including speed, distance and direction, and avoid many other parameters of urban environments. In this context, this paper proposes a Multi-metric Geographic Routing (M-GEDIR) technique for next hop selection. It selects next hop vehicles from dynamic forwarding regions, and considers major parameters of urban environments including, received signal strength, future position of vehicles, and critical area vehicles at the border of transmission range, apart from speed, distance and direction. The performance of M-GEDIR is evaluated carrying out simulations on realistic vehicular traffic environments. In the comparative performance evaluation, analysis of results highlight the benefit of the proposed geographic routing as compared to the state-of-the-art routing protocols

Assisted Car Platooning and Congestion Control at Road Intersections

Enhancing road safety and traffic efficiency are the important aspects and goals that automakers and researchers trying to achieve in recent years. The autonomous vehicle technology has been identified as a solution to achieve these goals. However, the adoption of fully autonomous vehicles in the current market is still in the very early stages of deployment. The objective of this paper is to develop a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) model at a road intersection using platooning car-following mobility models, object detection at traffic light units, and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication through vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The mobility model considers traffic simulation using the SUMO-PLEXE-VEINS platforms integration. Next, a prototype of an assisted car platooning system consisting of roadside unit (RSU) and on-board units (OBU) is developed using artificial intelligence (AI)-based smart traffic light for obstruction detection at an intersection and modified remote-control cars with V2X communication equipped with in-vehicle alert notification, respectively. The results show accurate detection of obstruction by the proposed assisted car platooning system, and an optimised smart traffic light operation that can reduce congestion and fuel consumption, improve traffic flow, and enhance road safety. The findings from this paper can be used as a baseline for the framework of CACC implementation by legislators, policymakers, infrastructure providers, and vehicle manufacturers

Assisted Car Platooning and Congestion Control at Road Intersections

Enhancing road safety and traffic efficiency are the important aspects and goals that automakers and researchers trying to achieve in recent years. The autonomous vehicle technology has been identified as a solution to achieve these goals. However, the adoption of fully autonomous vehicles in the current market is still in the very early stages of deployment. The objective of this paper is to develop a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) model at a road intersection using platooning car-following mobility models, object detection at traffic light units, and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication through vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The mobility model considers traffic simulation using the SUMO-PLEXE-VEINS platforms integration. Next, a prototype of an assisted car platooning system consisting of roadside unit (RSU) and on-board units (OBU) is developed using artificial intelligence (AI)-based smart traffic light for obstruction detection at an intersection and modified remote-control cars with V2X communication equipped with in-vehicle alert notification, respectively. The results show accurate detection of obstruction by the proposed assisted car platooning system, and an optimised smart traffic light operation that can reduce congestion and fuel consumption, improve traffic flow, and enhance road safety. The findings from this paper can be used as a baseline for the framework of CACC implementation by legislators, policymakers, infrastructure providers, and vehicle manufacturers

Performance Analysis of Intersection Based Algorithm in VANET with Traffic Light Considerations

ABSTRACT: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks is an emerging technology. In Vehicular safety algorithm, the source vehicle that detects an accident can generate a warning message and propagate it to the succeeding vehicles to notify drivers before they reach to the potential danger zone on the road. The main application of VANET is in Intelligent Transportation System providing various applications such safety and non-safety related services. VANET is subclass of Mobile Ad hoc Network. Dynamic topology change and high speeds of nodes creates a distinction from MANET. In this paper we discuss the impact of traffic light employed at intersections on the routing process. This paper proposes an effective and reliable routing protocol that takes traffic lights into consideration. KEYWORDS: ITS, GPSR, MANET, V2I, V2V, VANET I . INTRODUCTION During the last few years vehicular communication is attracting growing attention from both academic and industrial point of view. This is because of its applications ranging from road safety to traffic control and up to infotainment. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are self organized networks built up from moving vehicles. VANETs are instantiation of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). As in MANETs, packet forwarding in VANET takes place through multi hop relaying. But certain features distinguish VANETs from MANETs. These include high mobility of nodes, frequent network partition, constraints on roadways, etc. These characteristics pose technical challenges to implement high performance Vehicular networks. Possible applications [1-2] can be generally classified as safety and non safety applications. Safety applications include cooperative driving, accident avoidance etc. Non-safety applications include traffic information, toll service, internet access, games, entertainment etc. Success of VANET applications depends on how data is routed between nodes. The history of VANET routing protocols starts with MANET routing protocols such as Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector routing (AODV) Designing a routing protocol for urban environment is quite challenging task since the traffic lights deployed at intersections divide the road in to different segments. The nodes move at constrained speeds through these segments. In such an environment intersection based routing protocols are highly reliable. In intersection based routing, when vehicles move on straight road, they forward by greedy forwarding. When they reach an intersection a decision is made whether to forward in same direction or to perpendicular direction. Many intersection based routing protocols have been proposed to carry efficient routing in VANET. But only few protocols consider traffic lights. The communication in the VANET appears in such forms i.e. Intra-Vehicle (InV), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications [5]. This communication takes place with the help of communicatio