772,946 research outputs found
Sustainable Higher Education Development through Technology Enhanced Learning
[EN] Higher education is incorporating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) at a fast rate for different purposes. Scientific papers include within the concept of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) the myriad applications of information and communication technology, e-resources, and pedagogical approaches to the development of education. TELÂżs specific application to higher education is especially relevant for countries under rapid development for providing quick and sustainable access to quality education (UN sustainable development goal 4). This paper presents the research results of an online pedagogical experience in collaborative academic research for analyzing good practice in TEL-supported higher education development. The results are obtained through a pilot implementation providing curated data on TEL competencyÂżs development of faculty skills and analysis of developing sustainable higher education degrees through TEL cooperation, for capacity building. Given the increased volume and complexity of the knowledge to be delivered, and the exponential growth of the need for skilled workers in emerging economies, online training is the most effective way of delivering a sustainable higher education. The results of the PETRA Erasmus+ capacity-building project provides evidence of a successful implementation of a TEL-supported methodology for collaborative faculty development focused on future online degrees built collaboratively and applied locally.This research was co-funded by the European Commission through the Erasmus+ KA2 project "Promoting Excellence in Teaching and Learning in Azerbaijani Universities (PETRA)" project number 573630-EPP-1-2016-1-ES-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP.Orozco-Messana, J.; MartĂnez-Rubio, J.; GonzĂĄlvez-Pons, AM. (2020). Sustainable Higher Education Development through Technology Enhanced Learning. Sustainability. 12(9):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093600S113129Abdullah, F., & Ward, R. (2016). Developing a General Extended Technology Acceptance Model for E-Learning (GETAMEL) by analysing commonly used external factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, 238-256. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.036Becker, H. J., & Ravitz, J. (1999). The Influence of Computer and Internet Use on Teachersâ Pedagogical Practices and Perceptions. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 31(4), 356-384. doi:10.1080/08886504.1999.10782260Mumford, S., & DikilitaĆ, K. (2020). Pre-service language teachers reflection development through online interaction in a hybrid learning course. Computers & Education, 144, 103706. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103706Lee, D., Watson, S. L., & Watson, W. R. (2020). The Relationships Between Self-Efficacy, Task Value, and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies in Massive Open Online Courses. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 21(1), 23-39. doi:10.19173/irrodl.v20i5.4389Passey, D. (2019). Technologyâenhanced learning: Rethinking the term, the concept and its theoretical background. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(3), 972-986. doi:10.1111/bjet.12783Lai, Y.-C., & Peng, L.-H. (2019). Effective Teaching and Activities of Excellent Teachers for the Sustainable Development of Higher Design Education. Sustainability, 12(1), 28. doi:10.3390/su12010028Lee, S., Lee, H., & Kim, T. (2018). A Study on the Instructor Role in Dealing with Mixed Contents: How It Affects Learner Satisfaction and Retention in e-Learning. Sustainability, 10(3), 850. doi:10.3390/su10030850âContinuous Improvement in Teaching Strategies through Lean Principlesâ. Teaching & Learning Symposium, University of Southern Indiana http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12419/455The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-Year Update. (2003). Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9-30. doi:10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748Goodman, J., Melkers, J., & Pallais, A. (2019). Can Online Delivery Increase Access to Education? Journal of Labor Economics, 37(1), 1-34. doi:10.1086/698895Alexander, J., Barcellona, M., McLachlan, S., & Sackley, C. (2019). Technology-enhanced learning in physiotherapy education: Student satisfaction and knowledge acquisition of entry-level students in the United Kingdom. Research in Learning Technology, 27(0). doi:10.25304/rlt.v27.2073How Can Adaptive Platforms Improve Student Learning Outcomes? A Case Study of Open Educational Resources and Adaptive Learning Platforms https://ssrn.com/abstract=3478134Sun, A., & Chen, X. (2016). Online Education and Its Effective Practice: A Research Review. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 15, 157-190. doi:10.28945/3502EU Commission https://ec.europa.eu/education/education-in-the-eu/digital-education-action-plan_enEssence Project https://husite.nl/essence/Orozco-Messana, J., de la Poza-Plaza, E., & Calabuig-Moreno, R. (2020). Experiences in Transdisciplinary Education for the Sustainable Development of the Built Environment, the ISAlab Workshop. Sustainability, 12(3), 1143. doi:10.3390/su12031143Kurilovas, E., & Kubilinskiene, S. (2020). Lithuanian case study on evaluating suitability, acceptance and use of IT tools by students â An example of applying Technology Enhanced Learning Research methods in Higher Education. Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 106274. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.10627
Partial Correctness of a Power Algorithm
This work continues a formal verification of algorithms written in terms of simple-named complex-valued nominative data [6],[8],[15],[11],[12],[13]. In this paper we present a formalization in the Mizar system [3],[1] of the partial correctness of the algorithm: i := val.1 j := val.2 b := val.3 n := val.4 s := val.5 while (i n) i := i + j s := s * b return s computing the natural n power of given complex number b, where variables i, b, n, s are located as values of a V-valued Function, loc, as: loc/.1 = i, loc/.3 = b, loc/.4 = n and loc/.5 = s, and the constant 1 is located in the location loc/.2 = j (set V represents simple names of considered nominative data [17]).The validity of the algorithm is presented in terms of semantic Floyd-Hoare triples over such data [9]. Proofs of the correctness are based on an inference system for an extended Floyd-Hoare logic [2],[4] with partial pre- and post-conditions [14],[16],[7],[5].Institute of Informatics, University of BiaĆystok, PolandGrzegorz Bancerek, CzesĆaw ByliĆski, Adam Grabowski, Artur KorniĆowicz, Roman Matuszewski, Adam Naumowicz, and Karol PÄ
k. The role of the Mizar Mathematical Library for interactive proof development in Mizar. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 61(1):9â32, 2018. doi:10.1007/s10817-017-9440-6.R.W. Floyd. Assigning meanings to programs. Mathematical aspects of computer science, 19(19â32), 1967.Adam Grabowski, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Adam Naumowicz. Four decades of Mizar. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 55(3):191â198, 2015. doi:10.1007/s10817-015-9345-1.C.A.R. Hoare. An axiomatic basis for computer programming. Commun. ACM, 12(10): 576â580, 1969.Ievgen Ivanov and Mykola Nikitchenko. On the sequence rule for the Floyd-Hoare logic with partial pre- and post-conditions. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on ICT in Education, Research and Industrial Applications. Integration, Harmonization and Knowledge Transfer. Volume II: Workshops, Kyiv, Ukraine, May 14â17, 2018, volume 2104 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pages 716â724, 2018.Ievgen Ivanov, Mykola Nikitchenko, Andrii Kryvolap, and Artur KorniĆowicz. Simple-named complex-valued nominative data â definition and basic operations. Formalized Mathematics, 25(3):205â216, 2017. doi:10.1515/forma-2017-0020.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. Implementation of the composition-nominative approach to program formalization in Mizar. The Computer Science Journal of Moldova, 26(1):59â76, 2018.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. On an algorithmic algebra over simple-named complex-valued nominative data. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2):149â158, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0012.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. An inference system of an extension of Floyd-Hoare logic for partial predicates. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2): 159â164, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0013.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. Partial correctness of GCD algorithm. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2):165â173, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0014.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. On algebras of algorithms and specifications over uninterpreted data. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2):141â147, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0011.Artur Kornilowicz, Andrii Kryvolap, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Ievgen Ivanov. Formalization of the algebra of nominative data in Mizar. In Maria Ganzha, Leszek A. Maciaszek, and Marcin Paprzycki, editors, Proceedings of the 2017 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, FedCSIS 2017, Prague, Czech Republic, September 3â6, 2017., pages 237â244, 2017. ISBN 978-83-946253-7-5. doi:10.15439/2017F301.Artur Kornilowicz, Andrii Kryvolap, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Ievgen Ivanov. Formalization of the nominative algorithmic algebra in Mizar. In Leszek Borzemski, Jerzy ĆwiÄ
tek, and Zofia Wilimowska, editors, Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 38th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and Technology â ISAT 2017 â Part II, Szklarska PorÄba, Poland, September 17â19, 2017, volume 656 of Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, pages 176â186. Springer, 2017. ISBN 978-3-319-67228-1. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67229-8_16.Artur KorniĆowicz, Andrii Kryvolap, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Ievgen Ivanov. An approach to formalization of an extension of Floyd-Hoare logic. In Vadim Ermolayev, Nick Bassiliades, Hans-Georg Fill, Vitaliy Yakovyna, Heinrich C. Mayr, Vyacheslav Kharchenko, Vladimir Peschanenko, Mariya Shyshkina, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Aleksander Spivakovsky, editors, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on ICT in Education, Research and Industrial Applications. Integration, Harmonization and Knowledge Transfer, Kyiv, Ukraine, May 15â18, 2017, volume 1844 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pages 504â523. CEUR-WS.org, 2017.Artur KorniĆowicz, Ievgen Ivanov, and Mykola Nikitchenko. Kleene algebra of partial predicates. Formalized Mathematics, 26(1):11â20, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0002.Andrii Kryvolap, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Wolfgang Schreiner. Extending Floyd-Hoare logic for partial pre- and postconditions. In Vadim Ermolayev, Heinrich C. Mayr, Mykola Nikitchenko, Aleksander Spivakovsky, and Grygoriy Zholtkevych, editors, Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications: 9th International Conference, ICTERI 2013, Kherson, Ukraine, June 19â22, 2013, Revised Selected Papers, pages 355â378. Springer International Publishing, 2013. ISBN 978-3-319-03998-5. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03998-5_18.Volodymyr G. Skobelev, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Ievgen Ivanov. On algebraic properties of nominative data and functions. In Vadim Ermolayev, Heinrich C. Mayr, Mykola Nikitchenko, Aleksander Spivakovsky, and Grygoriy Zholtkevych, editors, Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications â 10th International Conference, ICTERI 2014, Kherson, Ukraine, June 9â12, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, volume 469 of Communications in Computer and Information Science, pages 117â138. Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-3-319-13205-1. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13206-8_6.27218919
Mediatisation in Twitter: an exploratory analysis of the 2015 Spanish general election
[EN] The mediatisation model in politics assumes that media conveys political messages between parties and citizenship, with the risk of promoting issues that frame the electoral content in terms of competition. These dynamics could distract from the debate of ideas and political policies. However, digital media like Twitter provide direct communication channels between parties, candidates and users. The present research explores Twitter content during an electoral campaign focused on the four issues proposed by Patterson (1980) to assess mediatisation: political, policy, campaign and personal (regarding the candidate). The goal of this research study is to evaluate the degree of mediatisation on Twitter using this typology. The research also evaluates the influence of the issue on retweet volume. The studyÂżs basis was a 15.8 million-tweet corpus obtained during the 2015 Spanish General Election pre-campaign and campaign. This dataset was analysed using an automatic classification system. The results highlighted a predominance of policy issues during both the pre- campaign and campaign, except for the two televised debates, during which campaign issues were the most prevalent. On the election night, users commented much more on political issues. Finally, the kind of issue most likely to be retweeted was policy issues.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, with
Grants CSO2013-43960-R (Los flujos de comunicaciĂłn en los procesos de movilizaciĂłn polĂtica: medios, blogs y lĂderes de opiniĂłn) and CSO2016-77331-C2-1-R (Estrategias, agendas y
discursos en las cibercampañas electorales: medios de comunicaciĂłn y ciudadanos).Baviera, T.; Calvo, D.; Llorca-Abad, G. (2019). Mediatisation in Twitter: an exploratory analysis of the 2015 Spanish general election. Journal of International Communication. 25(2):275-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2019.1634619S275300252Antonakaki, D., Spiliotopoulos, D., V. Samaras, C., Pratikakis, P., Ioannidis, S., & Fragopoulou, P. (2017). Social media analysis during political turbulence. PLOS ONE, 12(10), e0186836. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186836BarberĂĄ, P. (2015). Birds of the Same Feather Tweet Together: Bayesian Ideal Point Estimation Using Twitter Data. Political Analysis, 23(1), 76-91. doi:10.1093/pan/mpu011BartholomĂ©, G., Lecheler, S., & de Vreese, C. (2017). Towards A Typology of Conflict Frames. Journalism Studies, 19(12), 1689-1711. doi:10.1080/1461670x.2017.1299033Batrinca, B., & Treleaven, P. C. (2014). Social media analytics: a survey of techniques, tools and platforms. AI & SOCIETY, 30(1), 89-116. doi:10.1007/s00146-014-0549-4Baviera, T., Peris, Ă., & Cano-OrĂłn, L. (2017). Political candidates in infotainment programmes and their emotional effects on Twitter: an analysis of the 2015 Spanish general elections pre-campaign season. Contemporary Social Science, 14(1), 144-156. doi:10.1080/21582041.2017.1367833BLUMLER, J. G., & KAVANAGH, D. (1999). The Third Age of Political Communication: Influences and Features. Political Communication, 16(3), 209-230. doi:10.1080/105846099198596Bor, S. E. (2013). Using Social Network Sites to Improve Communication Between Political Campaigns and Citizens in the 2012 Election. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(9), 1195-1213. doi:10.1177/0002764213490698Brants, K., & Neijens, P. (1998). The Infotainment of Politics. Political Communication, 15(2), 149-164. doi:10.1080/10584609809342363Burnap, P., Gibson, R., Sloan, L., Southern, R., & Williams, M. (2016). 140 characters to victory?: Using Twitter to predict the UK 2015 General Election. Electoral Studies, 41, 230-233. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2015.11.017Campos-DomĂnguez, E. (2017). Twitter y la comunicaciĂłn polĂtica. El Profesional de la InformaciĂłn, 26(5), 785. doi:10.3145/epi.2017.sep.01Campos-DomĂnguez, E., & Calvo, D. (2017). Electoral campaign on the Internet: Planning, impact and viralization on Twitter during the Spanish general election, 2015. ComunicaciĂłn y Sociedad, 0(29), 93-116. doi:10.32870/cys.v0i29.6423Ceron, A., & Splendore, S. (2016). From contents to comments: Social TV and perceived pluralism in political talk shows. New Media & Society, 20(2), 659-675. doi:10.1177/1461444816668187Chadwick, A. (2013). The Hybrid Media System. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199759477.001.0001Conway, B. A., Kenski, K., & Wang, D. (2015). The Rise of Twitter in the Political Campaign: Searching for Intermedia Agenda-Setting Effects in the Presidential Primary. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(4), 363-380. doi:10.1111/jcc4.12124Couldry, N., & Hepp, A. (2013). Conceptualizing Mediatization: Contexts, Traditions, Arguments. Communication Theory, 23(3), 191-202. doi:10.1111/comt.12019Dang-Xuan, L., Stieglitz, S., Wladarsch, J., & Neuberger, C. (2013). AN INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENTIALS AND THE ROLE OF SENTIMENT IN POLITICAL COMMUNICATION ON TWITTER DURING ELECTION PERIODS. Information, Communication & Society, 16(5), 795-825. doi:10.1080/1369118x.2013.783608Dâheer, E., & Verdegem, P. (2014). Conversations about the elections on Twitter: Towards a structural understanding of Twitterâs relation with the political and the media field. European Journal of Communication, 29(6), 720-734. doi:10.1177/0267323114544866DĂaz-Parra, I., & Jover-BĂĄez, J. (2016). Social movements in crisis? From the 15-M movement to the electoral shift in Spain. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 36(9/10), 680-694. doi:10.1108/ijssp-09-2015-0101DiGrazia, J., McKelvey, K., Bollen, J., & Rojas, F. (2013). More Tweets, More Votes: Social Media as a Quantitative Indicator of Political Behavior. PLoS ONE, 8(11), e79449. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079449Felt, M. (2016). Social media and the social sciences: How researchers employ Big Data analytics. Big Data & Society, 3(1), 205395171664582. doi:10.1177/2053951716645828Filer, T., & Fredheim, R. (2016). Popular with the Robots: Accusation and Automation in the Argentine Presidential Elections, 2015. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 30(3), 259-274. doi:10.1007/s10767-016-9233-7Freelon, D., & Karpf, D. (2014). Of big birds and bayonets: hybrid Twitter interactivity in the 2012 Presidential debates. Information, Communication & Society, 18(4), 390-406. doi:10.1080/1369118x.2014.952659Giglietto, F., & Selva, D. (2014). Second Screen and Participation: A Content Analysis on a Full Season Dataset of Tweets. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 260-277. doi:10.1111/jcom.12085Gil de ZĂșñiga, H., Garcia-Perdomo, V., & McGregor, S. C. (2015). What Is Second Screening? Exploring Motivations of Second Screen Use and Its Effect on Online Political Participation. Journal of Communication, 65(5), 793-815. doi:10.1111/jcom.12174Grover, P., Kar, A. K., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Janssen, M. (2019). Polarization and acculturation in US Election 2016 outcomes â Can twitter analytics predict changes in voting preferences. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 145, 438-460. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2018.09.009Jensen, K. B. (2013). Definitive and Sensitizing Conceptualizations of Mediatization. Communication Theory, 23(3), 203-222. doi:10.1111/comt.12014Jungherr, A. (2014). The Logic of Political Coverage on Twitter: Temporal Dynamics and Content. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 239-259. doi:10.1111/jcom.12087Kalsnes, B., Krumsvik, A. H., & Storsul, T. (2014). Social media as a political backchannel. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 66(3), 313-328. doi:10.1108/ajim-09-2013-0093Lee, K., Palsetia, D., Narayanan, R., Patwary, M. M. A., Agrawal, A., & Choudhary, A. (2011). Twitter Trending Topic Classification. 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Mining Workshops. doi:10.1109/icdmw.2011.171LĂłpez GarcĂa, G., Llorca Abad, G., Valera Ordaz, L., & Peris Blanes, A. (2018). Los debates electorales, Âżel Ășltimo reducto frente la mediatizaciĂłn? Un estudio de caso de las elecciones generales españolas de 2015. Palabra Clave - Revista de ComunicaciĂłn, 21(3), 772-797. doi:10.5294/pacla.2018.21.3.6LĂłpez-Rico, C.-M., & Peris-Blanes, Ă. (2017). Agenda e imagen de los candidatos de las elecciones generales de 2015 en España en programas televisivos de infoentretenimiento. El Profesional de la InformaciĂłn, 26(4), 611. doi:10.3145/epi.2017.jul.05MAZZOLENI, G., & SCHULZ, W. (1999). «Mediatization» of Politics: A Challenge for Democracy? Political Communication, 16(3), 247-261. doi:10.1080/105846099198613Murthy, D. (2015). Twitter and elections: are tweets, predictive, reactive, or a form of buzz? Information, Communication & Society, 18(7), 816-831. doi:10.1080/1369118x.2015.1006659Russell Neuman, W., Guggenheim, L., Mo Jang, S., & Bae, S. Y. (2014). The Dynamics of Public Attention: Agenda-Setting Theory Meets Big Data. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 193-214. doi:10.1111/jcom.12088Orriols, L., & Cordero, G. (2016). The Breakdown of the Spanish Two-Party System: The Upsurge of Podemos and Ciudadanos in the 2015 General Election. South European Society and Politics, 21(4), 469-492. doi:10.1080/13608746.2016.1198454References to the IBEREVAL Workshop ProceedingsRill, S., Reinel, D., Scheidt, J., & Zicari, R. V. (2014). PoliTwi: Early detection of emerging political topics on twitter and the impact on concept-level sentiment analysis. Knowledge-Based Systems, 69, 24-33. doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2014.05.008Rogstad, I. (2016). Is Twitter just rehashing? Intermedia agenda setting between Twitter and mainstream media. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 13(2), 142-158. doi:10.1080/19331681.2016.1160263Sampedro, V., & Lobera, J. (2014). The Spanish 15-M Movement: a consensual dissent? Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies, 15(1-2), 61-80. doi:10.1080/14636204.2014.938466Shah, D. V., Hanna, A., Bucy, E. P., Lassen, D. S., Van Thomme, J., Bialik, K., ⊠Pevehouse, J. C. W. (2016). Dual Screening During Presidential Debates. American Behavioral Scientist, 60(14), 1816-1843. doi:10.1177/0002764216676245Shao, C., Ciampaglia, G. L., Varol, O., Yang, K.-C., Flammini, A., & Menczer, F. (2018). The spread of low-credibility content by social bots. Nature Communications, 9(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06930-7Stella, M., Ferrara, E., & De Domenico, M. (2018). Bots increase exposure to negative and inflammatory content in online social systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(49), 12435-12440. doi:10.1073/pnas.1803470115Stier, S., Bleier, A., Lietz, H., & Strohmaier, M. (2018). Election Campaigning on Social Media: Politicians, Audiences, and the Mediation of Political Communication on Facebook and Twitter. Political Communication, 35(1), 50-74. doi:10.1080/10584609.2017.1334728Vaccari, C., Chadwick, A., & OâLoughlin, B. (2015). Dual Screening the Political: Media Events, Social Media, and Citizen Engagement. Journal of Communication, 65(6), 1041-1061. doi:10.1111/jcom.12187Vaccari, C., & Nielsen, R. K. (2013). What Drives Politiciansâ Online Popularity? An Analysis of the 2010 U.S. Midterm Elections. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 10(2), 208-222. doi:10.1080/19331681.2012.758072Vargo, C. J., Guo, L., McCombs, M., & Shaw, D. L. (2014). Network Issue Agendas on Twitter During the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 296-316. doi:10.1111/jcom.12089Vergeer, M., & Franses, P. H. (2015). Live audience responses to live televised election debates: time series analysis of issue salience and party salience on audience behavior. Information, Communication & Society, 19(10), 1390-1410. doi:10.1080/1369118x.2015.1093526Xu, W. W., Sang, Y., Blasiola, S., & Park, H. W. (2014). Predicting Opinion Leaders in Twitter Activism Networks. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(10), 1278-1293. doi:10.1177/000276421452709
Semi-automatic assessment of unrestrained Java code: a Library, a DSL, and a workbench to assess exams and exercises
© ACM 2015. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive Version of Record was published in http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2729094.2742615Automated marking of multiple-choice exams is of great interest
in university courses with a large number of students.
For this reason, it has been systematically implanted in almost
all universities. Automatic assessment of source code
is however less extended. There are several reasons for that.
One reason is that almost all existing systems are based on
output comparison with a gold standard. If the output is the
expected, the code is correct. Otherwise, it is reported as
wrong, even if there is only one typo in the code. Moreover,
why it is wrong remains a mystery. In general, assessment
tools treat the code as a black box, and they only assess the
externally observable behavior. In this work we introduce a
new code assessment method that also verifies properties of
the code, thus allowing to mark the code even if it is only
partially correct. We also report about the use of this system
in a real university context, showing that the system
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Factors Affecting Teacher Readiness for Online Learning (TROL) in Early Childhood Education: TISE and TPACK
This study aims to find empirical information about the effect of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), and Technology Integration Self Efficacy (TISE) on Teacher Readiness for Online Learning (TROL). This study uses a quantitative survey method with path analysis techniques. This study measures the readiness of kindergarten teachers in distance learning in Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia with a sampling technique using simple random sampling involving 105 teachers. Empirical findings reveal that; 1) there is a direct positive effect of Technology Integration Self Efficacy on Teacher Readiness for Online Learning; 2) there is a direct positive effect of PACK on Teacher Readiness for Online Learning; 3) there is a direct positive effect of Technology Integration Self Efficacy on TPACK. If want to improve teacher readiness for online learning, Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) must be improved by paying attention to Technology Integration Self Efficacy (TISE).
Keywords: TROL, TPACK, TISE, Early Childhood Education
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General Theory and Tools for Proving Algorithms in Nominative Data Systems
In this paper we introduce some new definitions for sequences of operations and extract general theorems about properties of iterative algorithms encoded in nominative data language [20] in the Mizar system [3], [1] in order to simplify the process of proving algorithms in the future.
This paper continues verification of algorithms [10], [13], [12], [14] written in terms of simple-named complex-valued nominative data [6], [8], [18], [11], [15], [16].
The validity of the algorithm is presented in terms of semantic Floyd-Hoare triples over such data [9]. Proofs of the correctness are based on an inference system for an extended Floyd-Hoare logic [2], [4] with partial pre- and postconditions [17], [19], [7], [5].Institute of Informatics, University of BiaĆystok, PolandGrzegorz Bancerek, CzesĆaw ByliĆski, Adam Grabowski, Artur KorniĆowicz, Roman Matuszewski, Adam Naumowicz, and Karol PÄ
k. The role of the Mizar Mathematical Library for interactive proof development in Mizar. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 61(1):9â32, 2018. doi:10.1007/s10817-017-9440-6.R.W. Floyd. Assigning meanings to programs. Mathematical Aspects of Computer Science, 19(19â32), 1967.Adam Grabowski, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Adam Naumowicz. Four decades of Mizar. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 55(3):191â198, 2015. doi:10.1007/s10817-015-9345-1.C.A.R. Hoare. An axiomatic basis for computer programming. Commun. ACM, 12(10): 576â580, 1969.Ievgen Ivanov and Mykola Nikitchenko. On the sequence rule for the Floyd-Hoare logic with partial pre- and post-conditions. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on ICT in Education, Research and Industrial Applications. Integration, Harmonization and Knowledge Transfer. Volume II: Workshops, Kyiv, Ukraine, May 14â17, 2018, volume 2104 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pages 716â724, 2018.Ievgen Ivanov, Mykola Nikitchenko, Andrii Kryvolap, and Artur KorniĆowicz. Simple-named complex-valued nominative data â definition and basic operations. Formalized Mathematics, 25(3):205â216, 2017. doi:10.1515/forma-2017-0020.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. Implementation of the composition-nominative approach to program formalization in Mizar. The Computer Science Journal of Moldova, 26(1):59â76, 2018.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. On an algorithmic algebra over simple-named complex-valued nominative data. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2):149â158, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0012.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. An inference system of an extension of Floyd-Hoare logic for partial predicates. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2): 159â164, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0013.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. Partial correctness of GCD algorithm. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2):165â173, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0014.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. On algebras of algorithms and specifications over uninterpreted data. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2):141â147, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0011.Adrian Jaszczak. Partial correctness of a power algorithm. Formalized Mathematics, 27 (2):189â195, 2019. doi:10.2478/forma-2019-0018.Adrian Jaszczak and Artur KorniĆowicz. Partial correctness of a factorial algorithm. Formalized Mathematics, 27(2):181â187, 2019. doi:10.2478/forma-2019-0017.Artur KorniĆowicz. Partial correctness of a Fibonacci algorithm. Formalized Mathematics, 28(2):187â196, 2020. doi:10.2478/forma-2020-0016.Artur KorniĆowicz, Andrii Kryvolap, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Ievgen Ivanov. Formalization of the algebra of nominative data in Mizar. In Maria Ganzha, Leszek A. Maciaszek, and Marcin Paprzycki, editors, Proceedings of the 2017 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, FedCSIS 2017, Prague, Czech Republic, September 3â6, 2017., pages 237â244, 2017. ISBN 978-83-946253-7-5. doi:10.15439/2017F301.Artur KorniĆowicz, Andrii Kryvolap, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Ievgen Ivanov. Formalization of the nominative algorithmic algebra in Mizar. In Leszek Borzemski, Jerzy ĆwiÄ
tek, and Zofia Wilimowska, editors, Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 38th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and Technology â ISAT 2017 â Part II, Szklarska PorÄba, Poland, September 17â19, 2017, volume 656 of Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, pages 176â186. Springer, 2017. ISBN 978-3-319-67228-1. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67229-8_16.Artur KorniĆowicz, Andrii Kryvolap, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Ievgen Ivanov. An approach to formalization of an extension of Floyd-Hoare logic. In Vadim Ermolayev, Nick Bassiliades, Hans-Georg Fill, Vitaliy Yakovyna, Heinrich C. Mayr, Vyacheslav Kharchenko, Vladimir Peschanenko, Mariya Shyshkina, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Aleksander Spivakovsky, editors, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on ICT in Education, Research and Industrial Applications. Integration, Harmonization and Knowledge Transfer, Kyiv, Ukraine, May 15â18, 2017, volume 1844 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pages 504â523. CEUR-WS.org, 2017.Artur KorniĆowicz, Ievgen Ivanov, and Mykola Nikitchenko. Kleene algebra of partial predicates. Formalized Mathematics, 26(1):11â20, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0002.Andrii Kryvolap, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Wolfgang Schreiner. Extending Floyd-Hoare logic for partial pre- and postconditions. In Vadim Ermolayev, Heinrich C. Mayr, Mykola Nikitchenko, Aleksander Spivakovsky, and Grygoriy Zholtkevych, editors, Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications: 9th International Conference, ICTERI 2013, Kherson, Ukraine, June 19â22, 2013, Revised Selected Papers, pages 355â378. Springer International Publishing, 2013. ISBN 978-3-319-03998-5. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03998-5_18.Volodymyr G. Skobelev, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Ievgen Ivanov. On algebraic properties of nominative data and functions. In Vadim Ermolayev, Heinrich C. Mayr, Mykola Nikitchenko, Aleksander Spivakovsky, and Grygoriy Zholtkevych, editors, Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications â 10th International Conference, ICTERI 2014, Kherson, Ukraine, June 9â12, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, volume 469 of Communications in Computer and Information Science, pages 117â138. Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-3-319-13205-1. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13206-8_6.28426927
Partial Correctness of a Fibonacci Algorithm
In this paper we introduce some notions to facilitate formulating and proving properties of iterative algorithms encoded in nominative data language [19] in the Mizar system [3], [1]. It is tested on verification of the partial correctness of an algorithm computing n-th Fibonacci number:
i := 0
s := 0
b := 1
c := 0
while (i n)
ââc := s
ââs := b
ââb := c + s
ââi := i + 1
return s
This paper continues verification of algorithms [10], [13], [12] written in terms of simple-named complex-valued nominative data [6], [8], [17], [11], [14], [15]. The validity of the algorithm is presented in terms of semantic Floyd-Hoare triples over such data [9]. Proofs of the correctness are based on an inference system for an extended Floyd-Hoare logic [2], [4] with partial pre- and post-conditions [16], [18], [7], [5].Institute of Informatics, University of BiaĆystok, PolandGrzegorz Bancerek, CzesĆaw ByliĆski, Adam Grabowski, Artur KorniĆowicz, Roman Matuszewski, Adam Naumowicz, and Karol PÄ
k. The role of the Mizar Mathematical Library for interactive proof development in Mizar. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 61(1):9â32, 2018. doi:10.1007/s10817-017-9440-6.R.W. Floyd. Assigning meanings to programs. Mathematical aspects of computer science, 19(19â32), 1967.Adam Grabowski, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Adam Naumowicz. Four decades of Mizar. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 55(3):191â198, 2015. doi:10.1007/s10817-015-9345-1.C.A.R. Hoare. An axiomatic basis for computer programming. Commun. ACM, 12(10): 576â580, 1969.Ievgen Ivanov and Mykola Nikitchenko. On the sequence rule for the Floyd-Hoare logic with partial pre- and post-conditions. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on ICT in Education, Research and Industrial Applications. Integration, Harmonization and Knowledge Transfer. Volume II: Workshops, Kyiv, Ukraine, May 14â17, 2018, volume 2104 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pages 716â724, 2018.Ievgen Ivanov, Mykola Nikitchenko, Andrii Kryvolap, and Artur KorniĆowicz. Simple-named complex-valued nominative data â definition and basic operations. Formalized Mathematics, 25(3):205â216, 2017. doi:10.1515/forma-2017-0020.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. Implementation of the composition-nominative approach to program formalization in Mizar. The Computer Science Journal of Moldova, 26(1):59â76, 2018.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. On an algorithmic algebra over simple-named complex-valued nominative data. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2):149â158, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0012.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. An inference system of an extension of Floyd-Hoare logic for partial predicates. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2): 159â164, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0013.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. Partial correctness of GCD algorithm. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2):165â173, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0014.Ievgen Ivanov, Artur KorniĆowicz, and Mykola Nikitchenko. On algebras of algorithms and specifications over uninterpreted data. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2):141â147, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0011.Adrian Jaszczak. Partial correctness of a power algorithm. Formalized Mathematics, 27 (2):189â195, 2019. doi:10.2478/forma-2019-0018.Adrian Jaszczak and Artur KorniĆowicz. Partial correctness of a factorial algorithm. Formalized Mathematics, 27(2):181â187, 2019. doi:10.2478/forma-2019-0017.Artur Kornilowicz, Andrii Kryvolap, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Ievgen Ivanov. Formalization of the algebra of nominative data in Mizar. In Maria Ganzha, Leszek A. Maciaszek, and Marcin Paprzycki, editors, Proceedings of the 2017 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, FedCSIS 2017, Prague, Czech Republic, September 3â6, 2017., pages 237â244, 2017. ISBN 978-83-946253-7-5. doi:10.15439/2017F301.Artur Kornilowicz, Andrii Kryvolap, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Ievgen Ivanov. Formalization of the nominative algorithmic algebra in Mizar. In Leszek Borzemski, Jerzy ĆwiÄ
tek, and Zofia Wilimowska, editors, Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 38th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and Technology â ISAT 2017 â Part II, Szklarska PorÄba, Poland, September 17â19, 2017, volume 656 of Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, pages 176â186. Springer, 2017. ISBN 978-3-319-67228-1. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67229-8_16.Artur KorniĆowicz, Andrii Kryvolap, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Ievgen Ivanov. An approach to formalization of an extension of Floyd-Hoare logic. In Vadim Ermolayev, Nick Bassiliades, Hans-Georg Fill, Vitaliy Yakovyna, Heinrich C. Mayr, Vyacheslav Kharchenko, Vladimir Peschanenko, Mariya Shyshkina, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Aleksander Spivakovsky, editors, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on ICT in Education, Research and Industrial Applications. Integration, Harmonization and Knowledge Transfer, Kyiv, Ukraine, May 15â18, 2017, volume 1844 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pages 504â523. CEUR-WS.org, 2017.Artur KorniĆowicz, Ievgen Ivanov, and Mykola Nikitchenko. Kleene algebra of partial predicates. Formalized Mathematics, 26(1):11â20, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0002.Andrii Kryvolap, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Wolfgang Schreiner. Extending Floyd-Hoare logic for partial pre- and postconditions. In Vadim Ermolayev, Heinrich C. Mayr, Mykola Nikitchenko, Aleksander Spivakovsky, and Grygoriy Zholtkevych, editors, Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications: 9th International Conference, ICTERI 2013, Kherson, Ukraine, June 19â22, 2013, Revised Selected Papers, pages 355â378. Springer International Publishing, 2013. ISBN 978-3-319-03998-5. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03998-5_18.Volodymyr G. Skobelev, Mykola Nikitchenko, and Ievgen Ivanov. On algebraic properties of nominative data and functions. In Vadim Ermolayev, Heinrich C. Mayr, Mykola Nikitchenko, Aleksander Spivakovsky, and Grygoriy Zholtkevych, editors, Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications â 10th International Conference, ICTERI 2014, Kherson, Ukraine, June 9â12, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, volume 469 of Communications in Computer and Information Science, pages 117â138. Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-3-319-13205-1. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13206-8_6.28218719
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