Evaluate of Static Information Visible in Online Newspapers

According to recent online newspapers strategy to increase audience' trust in receiving involved facts and provide the opportunities to lead readers by reaching access at a huge number of points and facilitate browsing.There are many attempts to increase the interest of audience to the online newspapers by offering different static visible styles to interpret information. This research paper aims to introduce a brief consideration of online newspapers and data-driven journalism, also to perceive information static visible styles according to data visualization and information graphics, depending on data volume and regardless type of contents.Employs descriptive and analytically approach to unfold the current trends to Information visible of the globe online newspapers and find that by gathering samples from world online newspapers to explore the processing methods to present information visible.As a result, it has found several styles to use a static visual information of journalism data in the online newspapers, due to the quantity and characteristics of data and information.Concludes with the recommendation that static information visible should take obvious steps to increase the usage of the online newspapers by their intended audience. Keywords: Information Visible, Online Newspaper, Data Driven, Data Visualizations Tools, Information graphic Styles

Supporting Narratives in News Stories through Visualization

O uso de histórias para transmitir mensagens tem sido uma constante desde os primórdios dos tempos, o que prova a importância do storytelling. Uma técnica particularmente interessante para contar histórias é o uso de narrativas visuais (NV). Utilizando elementos visuais como complemento da narrativa, podemos enriquecer uma história "tradicional" e facilitar a sua leitura e compreensão. Ao longo deste projeto, comprometemo-nos a estudar o campo das narrativas visuais a um nível académico, jornalístico e artístico, bem como a tentar compreender como nos podemos servir de elementos visuais, com particular destaque para o multimédia, para atrair o leitor e manter o interesse do mesmo em histórias que se prolonguem ao longo de vários meses ou anos. Servindo-nos de uma metodologia de investigação mista, após completarmos a investigação bibliográfica, realizamos entrevistas a cinco jornalistas, tendo mais tarde complementado este estudo com um inquérito feito a leitores sobre a temática das NV. De acordo com os entrevistados, o futuro do jornalismo digital prende-se com a utilização do long-form, multimédia e interatividade, lado a lado com narrativas visuais para contar uma história. Contudo, nunca dispensando a utilização do texto, uma vez que é parte essencial das NV. Não obstante, é necessário encontrar opções cativantes que ajudem a combater o cada vez menor tempo de atenção do leitor. Tendo em mente que atenção não pode ser vista como sinónimo de compreensão, é necessário repensar a noção que temos de boas formas de transmitir informação e lembrar que as opções mais simples são geralmente as mais eficazes. A realização de um inquérito a leitores permitiu aprofundar a questão da transmissão de informação auxiliada por elementos visuais. Os resultados mostraram que a timeline permanece como o formato ideal de NV e que as pessoas preferem divisões claras de informação, em lugar de formatos mais compactos, como o wordcloud e fotomosaico. Tornou-se claro que as NV em jornalismo são vistas como uma vantagem pela maioria de estudiosos, leitores e profissionais da área. Com base nas informações recolhidas, criou-se uma primeira versão de um protótipo não funcional para contar uma história ao longo de seis meses, que, mais tarde, foi testado em focus group com cinco estudantes de Mestrado. Ao aplicarmos o conceito da pirâmide deitada de Canavilhas para contar histórias online, oferecemos ao leitor um maior controlo da história e abrimos a possibilidade de leitura da informação a partir de mais do que um eixo, facilitando a captação e manutenção do seu foco. Aplicamos ainda o conceito de curiosity gap, dando ao leitor apenas a informação necessária a uma primeira vista, esperando incitar nele a vontade de explorar mais a fundo o protótipo. Uma segunda versão foi posteriormente criada e testada com leitores por meio de um segundo inquérito, de modo a percebermos quais as limitações que ainda possuía. Os resultados finais demonstraram que, apesar de ainda existir espaço para melhorias, o protótipo desenvolvido não só é um método eficaz de transmissão de informação, como também é preferido pela grande maioria das pessoas inquiridas, relativamente à leitura tradicional de notícias.The human being has been using stories to pass on messages since the dawn of time, which proves the importance of storytelling. A particularly interesting technique for telling stories is the use of visual narratives (VN). By making use of visual elements to complement the narrative, we can enrich a "traditional" story and make it easier to read and comprehend. Throughout this project, we have done our best to study the field of visual narratives on an academic, journalistic and artistic level, as well as trying to understand how we can use visual elements, with particular emphasis on multimedia, to attract the reader and maintain their interest in stories that span over several months or years. Using a mixed method methodology, after completing the bibliographic research, we conducted interviews with five journalists, having later complemented this study with a survey made to readers on the subject of VN. According to the interviewees, the future of digital journalism's storytelling is linked to the use of the long-form, multimedia and interactivity, side by side with visual narratives. However, since text is an essential part of a VN, one must never forget to use it, as a visual narrative cannot exist without it. Nevertheless, it is necessary to find captivating options that help to combat the reader's diminishing attention span. Bearing in mind that attention cannot be seen as synonymous with comprehension, it is necessary to rethink our notion of proper ways to convey information and remember that the simplest options are usually the most effective. A narrative visualization survey done to readers allowed us to deepen the issue of information transmission aided by visual elements. The results showed that the timeline remains as the ideal VN format and that people prefer clear divisions of information over more compact formats, such as the wordcloud and photomosaic. It became clear that VN in journalism are seen as an advantage by most scholars, readers and professionals of the field. Based on the gathered information, a first version of a non-functional prototype was created to tell a story over six months, which was later tested in a focus group with five Master's degree students. By applying Canavilhas' Tumbled Pyramid concept to online storytelling, we offer the reader greater control over the story and open up the possibility of reading information from more than one axis, thus facilitating the capture and maintenance of their focus. We also applied the concept of curiosity gap, providing the reader with nothing but the necessary information at first glance, hoping to incite them to further explore the prototype. A second version was later created and tested with readers through a second survey, in order to understand the limitations it still had. The final results showed that, although there is still room for improvement, the developed prototype is not only an effective method of transmitting information, but it is also preferred by the vast majority of surveyed people over traditional news reading

The influence of representation control on task performance and learning

Although infographics are often used in digital newspapers or magazines to communicate information, users frequently have difficulties identifying the relevant information. Moreover, the spatial organization of the information in the infographic and the users ́ requirements rarely match. One way to overcome these challenges might be to offer the users interactive control over the format and content of the representations. Representation control can be used to modify the infographics in order to externalize transformations that would usually have to be performed cognitively. This can enhance task performance, but it is unknown whether it facilitates or hinders learning of the underlying structure of the task. The objective of this dissertation was to examine the usage of representation control options and its effects on task performance and learning. In order to do so, I conducted three experimental studies with 650 participants in total. All studies revealed that users took the option to reorganize and reduce information in infographics in a strategic way. However, the availability of representation control improved only the performance in the task with a specific goal but not in the goal-free task. To test whether representation control also influences learning, I adapted a two- phase design with a practice and a testing phase in the third study. This experimental series revealed that practicing with representation control in general did not benefit learning. Participants who did not have representation control during testing could not benefit from their prior experience with representation control neither when solving the same task nor when doing a near transfer task. Comparing different forms of representation control revealed that the more automated types led to the best performance during the practice phase, but not during the testing phase. The results of my dissertation suggest that it is important to consider the type of task to be performed and to differentiate between task performance and learning when investigating representation control or deciding whether representation control should be offered to the user

Interactive Infographics in German Online Newspapers

Interactive infographics are increasingly used in online journalism. Especially in data-driven journalism they provide a powerful tool to represent and communicate complex information. On the basis of a content analysis of five German-speaking online newspapers we show which kinds of interactive visualizations are preferred in German-speaking online media. However, users are still unfamiliar with interactive infographics. The results of a user survey demonstrate how readers of online newspapers use interactive infographics. These results point out how users interact with interactive infographics and how they assess the availability and findability of interactive infographics in online newspapers.Informationstechnologie und Informationsmanagemen