Intellectual Property Rights in Malaysia

In the light of Malaysia's determination to move into the Information Age by the turn of the century, mainly through the development of the Multimedia Super Corridor, it is important to evaluate the role of the Intellectual Property Rights in Malaysia. This paper, therefore,traces the development of laws in respect of Intellectual Property Rights in Malaysia and the problem faced in ensuring that the conflicting interests in the free flow of information and the need for protection of individual proprietary rights are balanced. The objective of the study is to examine the ways and means used for striking a balance between free flow of information and the protection of individual rights. The methodology adopted is exploratory and comparative. It is exploratory owing to the novelty of the subject matter and comparative as the experiences of advanced nations in this field are drawn upon to enable an appropriate model to be developed for Malaysia. As Intellectual Property Rights are related to information technology, which is charactarised by change and challenge, the issues involved, like those inherent in the Internet and the place of the consumer in these Rights, are noted. Overall, the observance of Intellectual Property Rights is expected to provide Malaysia with an edge in the competitive world of international trade and move Malaysian economy to a service orientated one through the Multimedia Super Corridor. In addition, the promotion of Intellectual Property Rights and the development of the Multimedia Super Corridor signals the move towards an immersion into information technology to stay abrest/ahead of developments in the fast approaching process of globalisation

The IP Law Book Review, v.5 #2

PUTTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN ITS PLACE – RIGHTS DISCOURSES, CREATIVE LABOR AND THE EVERYDAY, by Laura Murray, S. Tina Piper and Kirsty Robertson. Reviewed by Luke McDonagh, Cardiff University Law School. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, AND THEIR KNOWLEDGE by Peter Drahos. Reviewed by Ruth L. Okediji, University of Minnesota Law School. THE STATE OF COPYRIGHT: THE COMPLEX CULTURAL CREATION IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD, by Debora J. Halbert. Reviewed by Sara Bannerman, Department of Communication Studies and Multimedia, McMaster University

Information Technologies for Presentation of Bulgarian-Indian Cooperation in a Virtual Museum

We investigate digitalization and security of the Bulgarian and Indian cultural artifacts in multimedia archive. In the paper we describe project implementation and methods for intellectual property protection that are result of bilateral cultural and scientific cooperation between research-workers in India and Bulgaria

Rights Markup Extensions for the Protection of Indigenous Knowledge

Indigenous cultures have experienced a renaissance over the past 5-10 years as indigenous communities have recognized the importance of documenting and sharing their cultural heritage and history. This has coincided with the explosion of the internet and the widespread application of multimedia technologies to the construction of large online cultural collections. Together these developments have triggered a demand for copyright protection mechanisms. A number of XML-based markup languages (XrML, ODRL) have been developed to support the expression of rights asssociated with the intellectual property of resources. The MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework standard being developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) aims to standardize such a language to enable the management and protection of intellectual property associated with multimedia content. However it has been widely recognized that modern intellectual property laws, which are rapidly assuming global uniformity, fail to protect indigenous knowledge adequately or to support traditional or customary laws governing rights over indigenous knowledge. This paper considers some of the requirements for the protection of indigenous knowledge and the enforcement of tribal customary laws associated with knowledge, which have been expressed by Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. It assesses the ability of the two major XML-based rights markup languages (XrML and ODRL) to satisfy these requirements and suggests extensions to these languages to improve their support for indigenous knowledge protection. The aim of this paper is to provide a starting point which will encourage input, feedback and suggestions from indigenous communities. This will enable a clearer understanding of their diverse requirements with respect to the protection of intellectual property and traditional knowledge and the development of a satisfactory solution through future collaboration and consultation. Given a standardized machine-understandable representation of rights information, the utopian dream of trusted systems - automated rights enforcement and secure transactions involving both indigenous and non-indigenous resources - moves one step closer. But more importantly, the recognition of customary law and the rights of indigenous cultures within such systems, will lead to greater cross-cultural understanding, respect and tolerance and the promotion of indigenous social, cultural and economic development

PRIMO: Practice-as-Research in Music Online

Slides for a presentation describing the JISC-funded PRIMO multimedia EPrints repository project, undertaken by the Institute of Musical Research (IMR) and ULCC. The project entailed extensive customisation of EPrints, to support streaming multimedia and complex submission workflows describing embedded intellectual property rights of performers and composers. The JISC RSP event "Open Access and Repositories in the Arts" was a one-day workshop that brought together librarians, research managers and information professionals from colleges of art, design, music, drama and communications, to explore issues surrounding open access to outputs in these fields

A Survey on Multimedia Content Protection Mechanisms

Cloud computing has emerged to influence multimedia content providers like Disney to render their multimedia services. When content providers use the public cloud, there are chances to have pirated copies further leading to a loss in revenues. At the same time, technological advancements regarding content recording and hosting made it easy to duplicate genuine multimedia objects. This problem has increased with increased usage of a cloud platform for rendering multimedia content to users across the globe. Therefore it is essential to have mechanisms to detect video copy, discover copyright infringement of multimedia content and protect the interests of genuine content providers. It is a challenging and computationally expensive problem to be addressed considering the exponential growth of multimedia content over the internet. In this paper, we surveyed multimedia-content protection mechanisms which throw light on different kinds of multimedia, multimedia content modification methods, and techniques to protect intellectual property from abuse and copyright infringement. It also focuses on challenges involved in protecting multimedia content and the research gaps in the area of cloud-based multimedia content protection

Robust Video Watermarking Algorithm based on DCT-SVD approach and Encryption

Sharing of digital media content over the internet is increasing everyday .Digital watermarking is a technique used to protect the intellectual property rights of multimedia content owners. In this paper, we propose a robust video watermarking scheme that utilizes Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) for embedding a watermark into video frames. The proposed method uses encryption to make the watermark more robust against malicious attacks. The encryption key is used to modify the watermark before it is embedded in the video frames. The modified watermark is then embedded in the DCT and SVD coefficients of the video frames. The experimental results show that the proposed method provides better robustness against various attacks such as compression, noise addition, and filtering, while maintaining good perceptual quality of the watermarked video. The proposed method also shows better resistance against geometric attacks such as cropping, rotation, and scaling. Overall, the proposed method provides an effective solution for protecting the intellectual property rights of multimedia content owners in video distribution and transmission scenarios

A mobile Scenario for Electronic Publishing based on the MIPAMS Architecture

This paper describes several scenarios for the management of digital media, focusing on electronic publishing from mobile environments. The solution proposed in those scenarios is based on MIPAMS (Multimedia Information Protection And Management System), a service-oriented Digital Rights Management (DRM) platform, which enables the creation, registration and distribution of multimedia content in a secure way, respecting intellectual property rights. The particularity of the mobile scenario with respect to others is the limited capability of mobile devices. A specific use case has been identified for the mobile environment and a new system, based on MIPAMS, has been designed for the electronic publishing environment.Postprint (published version

Watermarking Techniques for Protecting Intellectual Properties in a Digital Environment

The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights for digital media has become an important issue in many countries of the world. There is increase in the popularity and accessibility of the Internet to record, edit, replicate and broadcast multimedia content which has necessitated a high demand to protect digital information against illegal uses, manipulations and distributions. Digital watermarking technique which is the process used to embed proprietary information into multimedia digital signal provides a robust solution to this problem. This paper reviews different aspects and techniques of digital watermarking for protecting digital contents. It also explores different application areas of digital watermarking such as copyright protection, broadcast monitoring, integrity protection etc.Facultad de Informátic

Non-noticeable information embedding in color images: marking and detection

One of the problems arising from the use of digital media is the ease of obtaining identical copies of digital images or audio files, allowing manipulation and unauthorized use. Copyright is an effective tool for preserving intellectual property of those documents but authors and publishers need effective techniques preventing copyright modification, due to the straightforward access to multimedia applications and the wider use of digital publications through the WWW. These techniques are generally called watermarking and allow the introduction of side information (i.e. author identification, copyrights, dates, etc.). This work concentrates on the problem of watermarking embedding and optimum detection in color images through the use of spread spectrum techniques, both in space (direct sequence spread spectrum or DSSS) and frequency (frequency hopping). It is applied to RGB and opponent color component representations. Perceptive information is considered in both color systems. Some tests are performed in order to ensure imperceptibility and to assess detection quality of the optimum color detectors.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version