7,707 research outputs found
Stochastic Approximation Methods for Systems Over an Infinite Horizon
The paper develops efficient and general stochastic approximation (SA) methods for improving the operation of parametrized systems of either the continuous- or discrete-event dynamical systems types and which are of interest over a long time period. For example, one might wish to optimize or improve the stationary (or average cost per unit time) performance by adjusting the systems parameters. The number of applications and the associated literature are increasing at a rapid rate. This is partly due to the increasing activity in computing pathwise derivatives and adapting them to the average-cost problem. Although the original motivation and the examples come from an interest in the infinite-horizon problem, the techniques and results are of general applicability in SA. We present an updating and review of powerful ordinary differential equation-type methods, in a fairly general context, and based on weak convergence ideas. The results and proof techniques are applicable to a wide variety of applications. Exploiting the full potential of these ideas can greatly simplify and extend much current work. Their breadth as well as the relative ease of using the basic ideas are illustrated in detail via typical examples drawn from discrete-event dynamical systems, piecewise deterministic dynamical systems, and a stochastic differential equations model. In these particular illustrations, we use either infinitesimal perturbation analysis-type estimators, mean square derivative-type estimators, or finite-difference type estimators. Markov and non-Markov models are discussed. The algorithms for distributed/asynchronous updating as well as the fully synchronous schemes are developed
Congestion management in traffic-light intersections via Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis
We present a flow-control technique in traffic-light intersections, aiming at
regulating queue lengths to given reference setpoints. The technique is based
on multivariable integrators with adaptive gains, computed at each control
cycle by assessing the IPA gradients of the plant functions. Moreover, the IPA
gradients are computable on-line despite the absence of detailed models of the
traffic flows. The technique is applied to a two-intersection system where it
exhibits robustness with respect to modeling uncertainties and computing
errors, thereby permitting us to simplify the on-line computations perhaps at
the expense of accuracy while achieving the desired tracking. We compare, by
simulation, the performance of a centralized, joint two-intersection control
with distributed control of each intersection separately, and show similar
performance of the two control schemes for a range of parameters
Approximate IPA: Trading Unbiasedness for Simplicity
When Perturbation Analysis (PA) yields unbiased sensitivity estimators for
expected-value performance functions in discrete event dynamic systems, it can
be used for performance optimization of those functions. However, when PA is
known to be unbiased, the complexity of its estimators often does not scale
with the system's size. The purpose of this paper is to suggest an alternative
approach to optimization which balances precision with computing efforts by
trading off complicated, unbiased PA estimators for simple, biased approximate
estimators. Furthermore, we provide guidelines for developing such estimators,
that are largely based on the Stochastic Flow Modeling framework. We suggest
that if the relative error (or bias) is not too large, then optimization
algorithms such as stochastic approximation converge to a (local) minimum just
like in the case where no approximation is used. We apply this approach to an
example of balancing loss with buffer-cost in a finite-buffer queue, and prove
a crucial upper bound on the relative error. This paper presents the initial
study of the proposed approach, and we believe that if the idea gains traction
then it may lead to a significant expansion of the scope of PA in optimization
of discrete event systems.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Sensitivity analysis of oscillator models in the space of phase-response curves: Oscillators as open systems
Oscillator models are central to the study of system properties such as
entrainment or synchronization. Due to their nonlinear nature, few
system-theoretic tools exist to analyze those models. The paper develops a
sensitivity analysis for phase-response curves, a fundamental one-dimensional
phase reduction of oscillator models. The proposed theoretical and numerical
analysis tools are illustrated on several system-theoretic questions and models
arising in the biology of cellular rhythms
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