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Interactions of inert confiners with explosives
The deformation of an inert confiner by a steady detonation wave in an
adjacent explosive is investigated for cases where the confiner is suciently strong
(or the explosive suciently weak) such that the overall change in the sound speed
of the inert is small. A coupling condition which relates the pressure to the deflection
angle along the explosive-inert interface is determined. This includes its dependence
on the thickness of the inert, for cases where the initial sound speed of the inert
is less than or greater than the detonation speed in the explosive (supersonic and
subsonic inert
ows, respectively). The deformation of the inert is then solved by
prescribing the pressure along the interface. In the supersonic case, the detonation
drives a shock into the inert, subsequent to which the
ow in the inert consists
of alternating regions of compression and tension. In this case reverberations or
`ringing' occurs along both the deflected interface and outer edge of the inert. For
the subsonic case, the
flow in the interior of the inert is smooth and shockless.
The detonation in the explosive initially defl
ects the smooth interface towards the
explosive. For sufficiently thick inerts in such cases, it appears that the deflection
of the confiner would either drive the detonation speed in the explosive up to the
sound speed of the inert or drive a precursor wave ahead of the detonation in the
explosive. Transonic cases, where the inert sound speed is close to the detonation
speed, are also considered. It is shown that the confinement affect of the inert on
the detonation is enhanced as sonic conditions are approached from either side
Inert Doublet Model and LEP II Limits
The inert doublet model is a minimal extension of the standard model
introducing an additional SU(2) doublet with new scalar particles that could be
produced at accelerators. While there exists no LEP II analysis dedicated for
these inert scalars, the absence of a signal within searches for supersymmetric
neutralinos can be used to constrain the inert doublet model. This translation
however requires some care because of the different properties of the inert
scalars and the neutralinos. We investigate what restrictions an existing
DELPHI collaboration study of neutralino pair production can put on the inert
scalars and discuss the result in connection with dark matter. We find that
although an important part of the inert doublet model parameter space can be
excluded by the LEP II data, the lightest inert particle still constitutes a
valid dark matter candidate.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures; v2: published versio
Thoriated nickel bonded by solid-state diffusion method
Solid-state diffusion bonding in an inert-gas atmosphere forms high-strength joints between butting or overlapping surfaces of thoriated nickel. This method eliminates inert-phase agglomeration
Hydrogen-fueled engine
A hydrogen-oxygen fueled internal combustion engine is described, which utilizes an inert gas, such as argon, as a working fluid to increase the efficiency of the engine, eliminate pollution, and facilitate operation of a closed cycle energy system. In a system where sunlight or other intermittent energy source is available to separate hydrogen and oxygen from water, the oxygen and inert gas are taken into a diesel engine into which hydrogen is injected and ignited. The exhaust is cooled so that it contains only water and the inert gas. The inert gas in the exhaust is returned to the engine for use with fresh oxygen, while the water in the exhaust is returned to the intermittent energy source for reconversion to hydrogen and oxygen
Refractory metals welded or brazed with tungsten inert gas equipment
Appropriate brazing metals and temperatures facilitate the welding or brazing of base metals with tungsten inert gas equipment. The highest quality bond is obtained when TIG welding is performed in an inert atmosphere
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