126 research outputs found
Treemaps: Visualizing Hierarchical and Categorical Data
Treemaps are a graphical method for the visualization of hierarchical and categorical data sets. Treemap presentations of data shift mental workload from the cognitive to the perceptual systems, taking advantage of the human visual processing system to increase the bandwidth of the human-computer interface. Efficient use of display space allows for the simultaneous presentation of thousands of data records, as well as facilitating the presentation of semantic information. Treemaps let users see the forest and the trees by providing local detail in the context of a global overview, providing a visually engaging environment in which to analyze, search, explore and manipulate large data sets. The treemap method of hierarchical visualization, at its core, is based on the property of containment. This property of containment is a fundamental idea which powerfully encapsulates many of our reasons for constructing information hierarchies. All members of the treemap family of algorithms partition multi-dimensional display spaces based on weighted hierarchical data sets. In addition to generating treemaps and standard traditional hierarchical diagrams, the treemap algorithms extend non-hierarchical techniques such as bar and pie charts into the domain of hierarchical presentation. Treemap algorithms can be used to generate bar charts, outlines, traditional 2-D node and link diagrams, pie charts, cone trees, cam trees, drum trees, etc. Generating existing diagrams via treemap transformations is an exercise meant to show the power, ease, and generality with which alternative presentations can be generated from the basic treemap algorithms. Two controlled experiments with novice treemap users and real data highlight the strengths of treemaps. The first experiment with 12 subjects compares the Macintosh TreeVizTM implementation of treemaps with the UNIX command line for questions dealing with a 530 node file hierarchy. Treemaps are shown to significantly reduce user performance times for global file comparison tasks. A second experiment with 40 subjects compares treemaps with dynamic outlines for questions dealing with the allocation funds in the 1992 US Budget (357 node budget hierarchy). Treemap users are 50% faster overall and as much as 8 times faster for specific questions
Albuquerque Citizen, 04-29-1908
https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/abq_citizen_news/3748/thumbnail.jp
Portland Daily Press: September 20, 1895
https://digitalmaine.com/pdp_1895/1025/thumbnail.jp
The BG News April 24, 1995
The BGSU campus student newspaper April 24, 1995. Volume 77 - Issue 141https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/bg-news/6852/thumbnail.jp
Automated analysis of free-text comments and dashboard representations in patient experience surveys: a multimethod co-design study
BACKGROUND: Patient experience surveys (PESs) often include informative free-text comments, but with no
way of systematically, efficiently and usefully analysing and reporting these. The National Cancer Patient
Experience Survey (CPES), used to model the approach reported here, generates > 70,000 free-text
comments annually. MAIN AIM: To improve the use and usefulness of PES free-text comments in driving health service changes that improve the patient experience. SECONDARY AIMS: (1) To structure CPES free-text comments using rule-based information retrieval (IR) (‘text
engineering’), drawing on health-care domain-specific gazetteers of terms, with in-built transferability to
other surveys and conditions; (2) to display the results usefully for health-care professionals, in a digital toolkit
dashboard display that drills down to the original free text; (3) to explore the usefulness of interdisciplinary
mixed stakeholder co-design and consensus-forming approaches in technology development, ensuring that
outputs have meaning for all; and (4) to explore the usefulness of Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) in
structuring outputs for implementation and sustainability. DESIGN: A scoping review, rapid review and surveys with stakeholders in health care (patients, carers,
health-care providers, commissioners, policy-makers and charities) explored clinical dashboard design/patient
experience themes. The findings informed the rules for the draft rule-based IR [developed using half of the
2013 Wales CPES (WCPES) data set] and prototype toolkit dashboards summarising PES data. These were
refined following mixed stakeholder, concept-mapping workshops and interviews, which were structured to
enable consensus-forming ‘co-design’ work. IR validation used the second half of the WCPES, with comparison
against its manual analysis; transferability was tested using further health-care data sets. A discrete choice
experiment (DCE) explored which toolkit features were preferred by health-care professionals, with a simple
cost–benefit analysis. Structured walk-throughs with NHS managers in Wessex, London and Leeds explored
usability and general implementation into practice. KEY OUTCOMES: A taxonomy of ranked PES themes, a checklist of key features recommended for digital
clinical toolkits, rule-based IR validation and transferability scores, usability, and goal-oriented, cost–benefit
and marketability results. The secondary outputs were a survey, scoping and rapid review findings, and
concordance and discordance between stakeholders and methods. RESULTS: (1) The surveys, rapid review and workshops showed that stakeholders differed in their
understandings of the patient experience and priorities for change, but that they reached consensus on
a shortlist of 19 themes; six were considered to be core; (2) the scoping review and one survey explored
the clinical toolkit design, emphasising that such toolkits should be quick and easy to use, and embedded
in workflows; the workshop discussions, the DCE and the walk-throughs confirmed this and foregrounded
other features to form the toolkit design checklist; and (3) the rule-based IR, developed using noun and
verb phrases and lookup gazetteers, was 86% accurate on the WCPES, but needs modification to improve
this and to be accurate with other data sets. The DCE and the walk-through suggest that the toolkit would
be well accepted, with a favourable cost–benefit ratio, if implemented into practice with appropriate
infrastructure support. LIMITATIONS: Small participant numbers and sampling bias across component studies. The scoping review
studies mostly used top-down approaches and focused on professional dashboards. The rapid review of
themes had limited scope, with no second reviewer. The IR needs further refinement, especially for
transferability. New governance restrictions further limit immediate use. CONCLUSIONS: Using a multidisciplinary, mixed stakeholder, use of co-design, proof of concept was shown
for an automated display of patient experience free-text comments in a way that could drive health-care
improvements in real time. The approach is easily modified for transferable application. FUTURE WORK: Further exploration is needed of implementation into practice, transferable uses and
technology development co-design approaches. FUNDING: The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme
Las Vegas Optic, 09-09-1911
https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/lvdo_news/4068/thumbnail.jp
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