Análisis de la eficiencia en túneles LISP con multiplexión y seguridad

Este proyecto tiene como objetivo el “Análisis de la eficiencia en túneles LISP con multiplexión y seguridad“, con el propósito de comprobar las técnicas de Calidad de Servicio desarrolladas en el grupo Ceniteq de la Universidad de Zaragoza se ha diseñado un entorno de laboratorio adecuado a las necesidades de los protocolos a testear. Con la aparición de nuevos servicios en Internet y el cambio de los perfiles de tráfico se descubrió la necesidad de garantizar una mínima capacidad a las transmisiones a través de una red Best Effort. Esta nueva necesidad se denominó Calidad de Servicio (QoS). Hoy en día, la Calidad de Servicio es una necesidad para las aplicaciones de tiempo real de los que disfrutamos actualmente en Internet y los dispositivos móviles. Este proyecto se compone, primeramente, del estudio teórico de las técnicas, tecnologías y protocolos utilizados con el objetivo de mejorar la Calidad de Servicio en las comunicaciones mediante el enfoque de la Ingeniería de tráfico. Más adelante se explica y aplica la metodología diseñada para evaluar la eficiencia de la red bajo la influencia de las diferentes técnicas utilizadas. Esta metodología comenzó siendo específica para el PFC “Análisis de la eficiencia en túneles LISP con multiplexión y seguridad”, sin embargo, ha terminado siendo la definición de una propuesta metodológica para el estudio no solamente de las técnicas que atañen a este PFC, sino a cualquier configuración de red. De forma paralela a esta metodología se ha desarrollado una herramienta capaz de ejecutarla de forma desatendida en los dispositivos que conforman la red. Por último, se recogen los resultados y las posibles líneas futuras de investigación a seguir

Specification of Smart AP solutions - version 2

This document includes the specification of the second version of the Smart Access Point (AP) Solutions, which are being developed within WP3 of the Wi-5 project. After the Literature Review, a global view of the Wi-5 architecture is presented which includes not only the Smart AP Solutions but also the Cooperative Functionalities being developed in WP4. Next, the Smart AP Solutions are described including the summary of the general approach being followed based on Light Virtual APs (LVAPs). The functionalities enabling Radio Resource Management (i.e. Dynamic Channel Allocation, Load Balancing and Power Control) are reported in detail and the current status of the implementation of the solutions is detailed, with a set of improvements aimed at integrating the support of different channels within the Wi-5 framework. A multi-channel handoff scheme has been designed, requiring a good synchronisation between the different events, in order to make the LVAP switching happen at the same moment when the STA switches its channel. In addition, the beacon generation has been modified in order to improve the scalability and to give a better user experience during handoffs. Tests measuring the handoff delay are presented using three wireless cards from different manufacturers, and using as test traffic a flow of an online game with real-time constraints. The results show that fast handovers ranging from 30 to 200 milliseconds can be achieved. The savings provided by frame aggregation, and its effect on subjective quality have also been studied. A methodology including subjective tests with real users has evaluated this effect, using paired comparison. The results indicate that bandwidth usage savings and especially significant packet rate reduction can be obtained without degrading players’ Quality of Experience (QoE), as long as the overall latency is kept under 100ms. An important finding coming from these results is that the players do not register delay variation introduced by multiplexing

Agrupamiento de tramas en Wi-Fi: Mejora de la eficiencia en la red a través del mecanismo de agregación

Con la aparición de los smartphone y otros dispositivos portátiles que necesitan acceso a Internet, Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) se ha vuelto una tecnología muy popular. Pero su eficiencia es reducida: al transmitir las tramas en un medio compartido, se produce un retardo en cada acceso al medio. Por otra parte, 802.11 introduce un gran overhead que se añade al de IP, que estaba diseñado inicialmente para un entorno cableado. En este TFG se estudian los efectos que se producen en una red Wi-Fi al implementar un mecanismo de agregación de tramas (A-MPDU, Aggregate MAC Protocol Data Unit). Al agregar tramas mejora la eficiencia, pues se introducen menos retardos debidos al acceso al medio, ya que se requieren menos tramas para enviar los mismos datos. Este mecanismo fue propuesto por el IEEE en el estándar 802.11 versión n y consiste en unir varias tramas de nivel 2, añadiéndoles una cabecera de 4 bytes llamada MPDU delimiter. Este mecanismo es opcional en la versión n, pero en la siguiente versión (ac) es obligatorio su uso aunque únicamente se vaya a enviar una sola trama. Con esto se pretende mejorar la eficiencia de la red inalámbrica, ya que resulta muy baja especialmente para paquetes pequeños (pocas decenas de bytes). Por otra parte, si usamos A-MPDU, también se reducirá el número de bytes que hace falta transmitir para confirmar los paquetes, ya que existe una trama (Block ACK) que permite confirmar hasta 64 subtramas de una sola vez. Por el contrario, si no se implementa este mecanismo, se envían tantos ACK como tramas de datos se hubiesen enviado. Esta reducción en los bytes es especialmente beneficiosa en los paquetes de pocas decenas de bytes, ya que puede llegar a ser de mayor tamaño el ACK que se necesita para confirmarlo (46 bytes), que los propios datos del paquete. Otro beneficio que ofrece el uso de los mecanismos de agregación de tramas es que se reduce el número de cabeceras físicas (PLCP) que hay que enviar. Teniendo en cuenta que éstas se transmiten a una tasa muy baja (1 Mbps), la reducción del número de cabeceras físicas va a reducir significativamente el tiempo de transmisión de las tramas. En este TFG se incluye en primer lugar un estudio teórico sobre los beneficios de la agregación de tramas A-MPDU, y se ha desarrollado también un programa que lo implementa en espacio de usuario. Usando dos máquinas Linux este programa permite ejecutar todo el proceso requerido para enviar A-MPDU reales, y así medir los ahorros obtenidos. Se ha comprobado que estos ahorros coinciden con los calculados teóricamente. El presente TFG se enmarca dentro del proyecto Europeo H2020 Wi-5 (What to do With the Wi-Fi Wild West), en el que participa la Universidad de Zaragoza, junto con Telefónica I+D, TNO (Holanda), AirTies (Turquía) y la Universidad John Moores de Liverpool (coordinador)

Final specification of the Smart AP solutions

This deliverable presents the final version of the specification for the mechanisms included in the Wi-5 Access Points (APs), which have been developed within WP3 of the Wi-5 project. Coordinated by a controller, these APs are able to run the Smart Access Point Solutions including resource management algorithms such as dynamic channel allocation, load balancing and power control. The seamless handover is also an important functionality to support this and the integration with the coordination entities of the Wi-5 architecture (i.e., the Wi-5 controller) and the interface with performance monitoring mechanisms are also defined. The document also includes a series of simulations aimed at studying the possibility of performing a centrally controlled coordination of the frame aggregation functionalities available in 802.11n and 802.11ac. The main section of this deliverable (section 4) is devoted to explaining the final version of the functionalities enabling all the Wi-5 features, with detailed information about their implementation, and the advances with respect to previous versions reported in Deliverables D3.2 and D3.3. These functions rely on the monitoring mechanisms defined in Deliverable D3.1. This section includes a) The framework used for the implementation based on the use of Light Virtual APs (LVAPs). b) The horizontal handover scheme, integrating multi-channel APs with the LVAPs approach, which includes extensive tests of the handover latency illustrating that they can really be seamless. c) Different applications including Channel Assignment, Mobility Management (in a reactive and a proactive way), and Load Balancing based on Received Signal (RSSI), Fittingness Factor and also considering the services being run in the terminals. Another section (section 5) details the results of a battery of measurements of the delays incurred by the system. Finally, a simulation environment is used in order to test different ways of performing a coordinated control of the frame aggregation mechanisms of 802.11. A Conclusions section surveys the work that has been carried out. The most innovative aspects are: a) The development of a method able to proactively manage the mobility of the users, also combining this with load balancing in real time. b) The proposal of central coordination for frame aggregation, which can provide a significant improvement in efficiency while still respecting the real-time requirements

Integration Results

The H2020 What to do With the Wi-Fi Wild West (Wi-5) project combines research and innovation to propose a Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture based on an integrated and coordinated set of smart Wi-Fi networking solutions. In this document, we present the integration methodologies and provide the integration test results of the developed functionalities of Wi-5. The integration of the functionalities is being developed within Work Package 5. First, the smart and cooperative solutions provided by the SDN based Wi-5 architecture will be briefly described. Next, we will define and explain the modular approach to be applied in Wi-5 APs and the Wi-5 controller. According to this approach, we will describe the functionalities of both the Wi-5 APs that are modelled as a combination of the monitoring and network configuration modules, and the Wi-5 controller which is composed of the monitoring, decision, and network configuration modules. Following this, we will define and explain the Wi-5 integration strategy that was utilized to integrate the smart and cooperative functionalities in terms of assembly of the modules utilized to model the Wi-5 AP and the Wi-5 controller. The integration approach and steps of the proposed functionalities are then given and the limitations that have been faced during the integration progress of the functionalities are clearly explained in each subsection. Moreover, the design criteria and possible evaluation approaches of such nonintegrated functionalities are explicitly provided. During the integration process, coordinated work between WP3 and WP4 was carried out and, after the feedback was shared for WP5-WP3 and WP5WP4, some novel innovations and contributions are introduced. The online integration approach for the channel assignment algorithm of the radio resource management solution is proposed, and integrated as a product of this mutual feedback. Also, the proactive handover application for seamless handover functionality is another product of this collaboration. After the integration process, the test definitions and evaluation results of the integrated functionalities are presented. Also, the available test metrics and network deployments for each of the functionality tests are provided. The test results prove that the proposed functionalities perform well in meeting the design objectives. We observe that the Wi-5 solutions give the expected performance gains in most of the conducted test cases

Improving Network Efficiency with Simplemux

<p>This dataset contains the open data related to the research paper:</p> <p>Jose Saldana, Ignacio Forcen, Julian Fernandez-Navajas, Jose Ruiz-Mas, "Improving Network Efficiency with Simplemux,'' IEEE CIT 2015, International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, 26-28 October 2015 in Liverpool, UK.</p> <p>This work has been partially financed by the EU H2020 Wi-5 project (Grant Agreement no: 644262), and European Social Fund in collaboration with the Government of Aragon.</p> <p><strong><em>Paper Abstract</em></strong>—The high amount of small packets currently transported by IP networks results in a high overhead, caused by the significant header-to-payload ratio of these packets. In addition, the MAC layer of wireless technologies makes a non-optimal use of airtime when packets are small. Small packets are also costly in terms of processing capacity. This paper presents Simplemux, a protocol able to multiplex a number of packets sharing a common network path, thus increasing efficiency when small packets are transported. It can be useful in constrained scenarios where resources are scarce, as community wireless networks or IoT. Simplemux can be seen as an alternative to Layer-2 optimization, already available in 802.11 networks. The design of Simplemux is presented, and its efficiency improvement is analyzed. An implementation is used to carry out some tests with real traffic, showing significant improvements: 46% of the bandwidth can be saved when compressing voice traffic; the reduction in terms of packets per second in an Internet trace can be up to 50%. In wireless networks, packet grouping results in a significantly improved use of air time.</p