Visions and Challenges in Managing and Preserving Data to Measure Quality of Life

Health-related data analysis plays an important role in self-knowledge, disease prevention, diagnosis, and quality of life assessment. With the advent of data-driven solutions, a myriad of apps and Internet of Things (IoT) devices (wearables, home-medical sensors, etc) facilitates data collection and provide cloud storage with a central administration. More recently, blockchain and other distributed ledgers became available as alternative storage options based on decentralised organisation systems. We bring attention to the human data bleeding problem and argue that neither centralised nor decentralised system organisations are a magic bullet for data-driven innovation if individual, community and societal values are ignored. The motivation for this position paper is to elaborate on strategies to protect privacy as well as to encourage data sharing and support open data without requiring a complex access protocol for researchers. Our main contribution is to outline the design of a self-regulated Open Health Archive (OHA) system with focus on quality of life (QoL) data.Comment: DSS 2018: Data-Driven Self-Regulating System

New Organizational Challenges in a Digital World: Securing Cloud Computing Usage and Reacting to Asset-Sharing Platform Disruptions

Information technology (IT) and IT-enabled business models are transforming the business ecosystem and posing new challenges for existing companies. This two-essay dissertation examines two such challenges: cloud security and the disruption of asset-sharing business models.The first essay examines how an organizations usage of cloud storage affects its likelihood of accidental breaches. The quasi-experiment in the U.S. healthcare sector reveals that organizations with higher levels of digitalization (i.e., Electronic Health Records levels) or those with more IT applications running on their internal data center are less likely to experience accidental breaches after using public cloud storage. We argue that digitalization and operational control over IT applications increase organizations awareness and capabilities of establishing a company-wide security culture, thereby reducing negligence related to physical devices and unintended disclosure after adopting cloud storage. The usage of cloud storage is more likely to cause accidental breaches for organizations contracting to more reputable or domain expert vendors. We explain this result as the consequence of less attention being focused on securing personally accessible data and physical devices given high reliance on reputed and knowledgeable cloud providers. This research is among the first to empirically examine the actual security impacts of organizations cloud storage usage and offers practical insights for cloud security management.The second essay examines how Asset-Sharing Business Model Prevalence (ASBMP) affects the performance implications of industry incumbent firms competitive actions when faced with entrants with asset-sharing business models, like Airbnb. ASBMP represents the amount of third-party products and services that originally were unavailable inside the traditional business model but now are orchestrated by asset-sharing companies in an industry. We use texting mining and econometrics approaches to analyze a longitudinal dataset in the accommodation industry. Our results demonstrate that incumbents competitive action repertoires (i.e., action volume, complexity, and heterogeneity) increase their performance when the ASBMP is high but decrease incumbents performance when the ASBMP is low. Practically, incumbents who are facing greater threat from asset-sharing firms can implement more aggressive competitive action repertoires and strategically focus on new product and M&A strategies. This research contributes to the literature of both competitive dynamics and asset-sharing business models

a case study on motives and difficulties of employees

In recent years digitalization has impacted most industries immensely. Organizations hope to increase their efficiency by improving communication and information exchange along the value chain while simultaneously reducing their costs. Even though the healthcare sector was quite late to follow, nowadays huge investments are made in this area to become patient centric, increase safety and reduce errors. Despite multiple studies analyzing how the digital hospital looks like and why digitalization is pursued, the human factor is often under-appreciated. Therefore, this case study aims to shed light on how employees perceive digitalization and the motives and difficulties in implementation they see. Our interviews with medical, administrative and IT staff of a hospital shows that even though the motives for digitalization are recognized, the impact of digitalization in the healthcare sector remains ambiguous to this day due to the challenges the industry is facing. Privacy issues, rejection on patient- and staff side and a lack of communication and guidance hinder the implementation of a digital business strategy. Additionally, our study reveals that technology is currently leading the process, which should not be the case as in a hospital the patient and therefore the processes that evolve around him should be in the center. Our implications and propositions help in solving these issues

The implementation of a digital business strategy in hospitals: a case study on motives and difficulties of employees

In recent years digitalization has impacted most industries immensely. Organizations hope to increase their efficiency by improving communication and information exchange along the value chain while simultaneously reducing their costs. Even though the healthcare sector was quite late to follow, nowadays huge investments are made in this area to become patient centric, increase safety and reduce errors. Despite multiple studies analyzing how the digital hospital looks like and why digitalization is pursued, the human factor is often under-appreciated. Therefore, this case study aims to shed light on how employees perceive digitalization and the motives and difficulties in implementation they see. Our interviews with medical, administrative and IT staff of a hospital shows that even though the motives for digitalization are recognized, the impact of digitalization in the healthcare sector remains ambiguous to this day due to the challenges the industry is facing. Privacy issues, rejection on patient- and staff side and a lack of communication and guidance hinder the implementation of a digital business strategy. Additionally, our study reveals that technology is currently leading the process, which should not be the case as in a hospital the patient and therefore the processes that evolve around him should be in the center. Our implications and propositions help in solving these issues

Understanding Organizations’ Artificial Intelligence Journey: A Qualitative Approach

Background: With growth in Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption, challenges and hurdles are also becoming evident. Organizations implementing AI are challenged to find ways to leverage AI to produce optimum results and benefits for the organization. Understanding other organizations’ AI implementation journeys will help them start and implement AI. By understanding the different facets of AI implementation, they can strategize AI to gain business value. Though several studies have examined AI adoption, there are few studies on how firms implement it. We close this gap by studying AI adoption and implementations in various firms. Method: Using a qualitative approach of semi-structured interviews, we studied twenty global organizations of various sizes that have implemented AI. Results: The study categorizes the results into four major themes – facilitators, barriers, trends, and strategies for implementing AI. Our study reinforces the relevance of the TOE framework and Roger’s DOI theory in studying AI adoption. Organizational factors such as top management support, strategic roadmap, availability of skilled resources, and corporate culture influenced AI adoption. Their lack of data or poor data quality is a primary challenge. The privacy laws concerning data, as well as regulatory bottlenecks, further exacerbate this problem. We also identified and mapped the standard AI implementations to their AI technologies. We found that most of them exploit AI’s image and natural language processing capabilities to automate their processes. Regarding implementation, firms work with partners to obtain customer data and use federated learning. Conclusion: Understanding firms’ AI implementation journey will help us promote further adoption and experimentation. Organizations can identify areas where they can leverage AI to enhance value, prepare themselves for the future, start and proceed with AI implementation efforts and overcome barriers they might encounter

The Investigation of Knowledge Management Practices Among Healthcare Practitioners in Malaysia

Healthcare is regarded as one of the fundamental rights of every human. Healthcare organizations (HCO) are making great efforts to provide to their customers the best possible healthcare services therefore HCO need to constantly view knowledge as one of the organization\u27s strategic asset. Knowledge in HCOs need to be discovered, created, shared and applied. However, the studies on KM implementation in HCO is deemed insufficient. The aim of this study is to investigate the perception of healthcare professionals (HCP) on KM practices in HCO in Malaysia. The investigation includes the HCPs perceived benefits, supporting factors and challenges in implementing KM in their organization. This study adopts a case study research design. Questionnaires were distributed online to HCPs of a HCO. The findings indicate that HCPs were aware of the KM but not convinced with its capabilities and the benefit it could bring to the organization

The Role of CIOs and Board’s IT Competence on HIT Investments

Healthcare organizations currently face tough decisions regarding allocating resources to reduce costs and improve patient care. While IT investments have consistently been a priority, it is widely accepted as a given, resulting in research primarily examining IT investment outcomes. Recent studies highlight tensions between the role of CIOs and governing boards in determining IT resource allocations. Recognizing this, the current study investigates the dynamics between healthcare CIO presence and the board in driving targeted HIT investments. Drawing on the upper echelons theory, we theorize and propose several hypotheses to clarify the tensions between the CIO and the influence of boards in the healthcare industry, specifically in the context of HIT investments

Critical Factors of Adopting Enterprise Application Integration Technology: An Empirical Study on Larger Hospitals

As hospitals extend their service scope, they adopt more information systems. These systems are implemented in different timelines and the interfaces of databases become varied. Frequently, the exchange of information between various systems requires additional coordination or even manual input for unifying data. To embrace automation, the solution is to adopt enterprise application integration (EAI) technology, the middleware, to convert data from among various information systems to enable an efficient flow of data in the hospital. In this paper, we discuss and verify the impact factors on the integration levels of EAI by surveying larger hospitals above the regional level in Taiwan and testing a proposed research model. The findings of this study show that information technology infrastructure, hospital size, external pressure, internal pressure, and external support significantly affect the EAI level

Acceptance of Interoperable Electronic Health Record (EHRs) Systems: A Tanzanian e-Health Perspective

The study assessed factors that influence the acceptance of interoperable electronic Health Records (EHRs) Systems in Tanzania Public Hospitals. The study applied a hybrid model that combined the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE). Snowball sampling technique was applied and a total of 340 questionnaires were distributed to selected clinics, polyclinics and hospitals, of which 261 (77%) received questionnaires were considered to be valid and reliable for subsequent data analysis. IBM SPSS software version 27.0 was employed for data analysis. Findings indicated that relative advantage, compatibility, management support, organizational competency, training and education, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, privacy and security concerns, competitive pressure and regulatory framework have positive and significant effects on acceptance of interoperable EHRs. However, complexity and trading & vendor support were found to have non-significant effects on acceptance of interoperable electronic health records. The study has further provided implications that may assist scholars and policy makers in the implementation of interoperable electronic health systems in the health sector