The applicability of expert systems technology to insurgent identification in a tactical military environment

As the threat of large-scale, conventional warfare diminishes, the United States will increasingly find itself, and its military forces, involved in low intensity, insurgency, revolutionary, and guerrilla warfare as an intervening power. One especially critical aspect of counterinsurgency operations is the rapid and accurate identification of insurgents and cause- sympathetic individuals. This task is normally accomplished by an experienced and knowledgeable expert in insurgent identifications, but appears to be particularly well suited for the application of expert system technology. This thesis is concerned with examining the applicability and feasibility of using expert systems technology for the development of a computerized screening system capable of assisting in the identification of insurgent and cause-sympathetic individuals in a tactical military environment.http://archive.org/details/thepplicabilityo1094534909Captain, United States Marine CorpsApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Case study

"September 1997."Includes bibliographical references.Jeanne W. Ross

Sistemática para o controle gerencial dos custos de Tecnologia da Informação

Information Technology (IT) has become a key element for most organizations. For this reason and because of the lack of more structured methodologies for implementing IT chargeback, the objective of this article is to propose a cost management system for IT. The focus is on the company’s business units and/or products as the cost objects. The main contribution is to establish an interface between cost management modern techniques and IT with the proposition of a structured method. The results of some implementations are also presented as a case study. Keywords: IT, costs, IT chargeback, cost management system, control.A Tecnologia da Informação (TI) se tornou um elemento chave para as organizações. Por essa razão, e devido à falta de uma metodologia estruturada para a implementação do chargeback de TI, o objetivo deste artigo é propor uma sistemática de custeio para a TI. Os objetos de custos são as unidades/produtos das empresas. A maior contribuição deste artigo está no estabelecimento de uma interface entre o ambiente de TI e as modernas técnicas de gestão de custos por meio da proposição de uma sistemática estruturada para o custeio dessa área. Os resultados de implementações são combinados e apresentados na forma de estudo de caso.Palavras-chave: TI, custos, chargeback de TI, sistema de gestão de custos, controle

CGIAR Cost Allocation Guidelines: Financial Guidelines Series, no. 5

Financial guideline no. 5, published by the CGIAR Secretariat in December 2008 as part of the Financial Guidelines Series

After the hype: e-commerce payments grow up

On June 18, 2003, the Payment Cards Center of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia and the Electronic Commerce Payments Council (eCPC) of the Electronic Funds Transfer Association co-hosted a workshop forum to explore areas of mutual interest related to the proliferation of e-commerce payments. This was the second event jointly sponsored by the groups. ; The first forum, “The Future of e-Commerce Payments,” which was held in June 2002, focused on the possibilities ahead, as various electronic payment channels displace paper checks as a primary payment form. The more recent forum, “After the Hype: e-Commerce Payments Grow Up,” continued the dialog, emphasizing recent economic and marketplace realities that impact ecommerce payments innovation, acceptance, and maturation. ; Participants and speakers included Federal Reserve staff and industry leaders.Electronic commerce

There\u27s an App for That: Developing Online Dispute Resolution to Empower Economic Development

Traditionally, litigation has been the norm for resolving disputes. It takes place in a public forum and face-to-face. In a global economy, however, such public and face-to-face dispute resolution is not feasible. This is especially true with cross-border purchases through e-commerce. E-commerce requires more efficient and less litigious remedy systems that allow consumers to obtain remedies on their purchases without the cost and travel associated with traditional face-to-face procedures. This has led to development of online dispute resolution (“ODR”) processes, especially with respect to business-to-consumer contracts. Accordingly, scholarship and policy papers have advanced ODR for the benefit of consumers. What deserves emphasis, however, is promotion of ODR to empower businesses that seek to attract customers globally. Establishment of trusted ODR systems incentivizes consumers to make cross-border purchases because it provides them with the comfort of knowing there is a cheap and easy means for obtaining a remedy if the purchase goes awry. This is especially important to assist businesses in developing nations, where Internet access is expanding through use of smartphones and similar mobile devices. Such mobile access is narrowing the so-called “digital divide” and fostering enthusiasm for building e-commerce, which is imperative for economic development and global integration. ODR can further these efforts by catalyzing consumer trust, and consequently cross-border sales. This article, therefore, encourages growth of global ODR that is accessible through mobile devices as means for increasing access to remedies and trustworthy e-commerce for companies and consumers in developing nations

AN EMPIRICAL TEST FOR THE EXPANSION-CONTROL MODEL FOR MANAGING END-USER COMPUTING

The purpose of this research is to determine if the expansion-control model as proposed, adapted, and refined (Munro and Huff 1985; Munro, Huff and Moore 1987) is useful for understanding and predicting changes in EUC management strategy over time. The long-term interest is not so much in understanding the specific problem of managing end-user computing as in understanding the general problem of managing new information technology in organizations. A field study was conducted with eighteen large firms in manufacturing and services to review their experience with EUC management over a nine year period. As predicted, most firms took a hands-off approach to EUC management during the initiation phase and evolved toward a balance between control and slack by 1987. However, changes in firms\u27 EUC management strategy over time were more complex than predicted. In addition, the expansion and control constructs were not as independent as previously thought. The interaction between the two variables appears to be related, at least in part, to time and the stage of diffusion. The research suggests that current models of EUC management (and thus organizational learning about information technology) may be too simplistic. Suggestions for developing more general models of the process are offered