3 research outputs found
Estimating a Large Drive Time Matrix between Zip Codes in the United States: A Differential Sampling Approach
Estimating a massive drive time matrix between locations is a practical but
challenging task. The challenges include availability of reliable road network
(including traffic) data, programming expertise, and access to high-performance
computing resources. This research proposes a method for estimating a
nationwide drive time matrix between ZIP code areas in the U.S.--a geographic
unit at which many national datasets such as health information are compiled
and distributed. The method (1) does not rely on intensive efforts in data
preparation or access to advanced computing resources, (2) uses algorithms of
varying complexity and computational time to estimate drive times of different
trip lengths, and (3) accounts for both interzonal and intrazonal drive times.
The core design samples ZIP code pairs with various intensities according to
trip lengths and derives the drive times via Google Maps API, and the Google
times are then used to adjust and improve some primitive estimates of drive
times with low computational costs. The result provides a valuable resource for
researchers
Weaving Equity into Infrastructure Resilience Research and Practice: A Decadal Review and Future Directions
After about a decade of research in this domain, what is missing is a
systematic overview of the research agenda across different infrastructures and
hazards. It is now imperative to evaluate the current progress and gaps. This
paper presents a systematic review of equity literature on disrupted
infrastructure during a natural hazard event. Following a systematic review
protocol, we collected, screened, and evaluated almost 3,000 studies. Our
analysis focuses on the intersection within the dimensions of the
eight-dimensional assessment framework that distinguishes focus of the study,
methodological approaches, and equity dimensions (distributional-demographic,
distributional-spatial, procedural, and capacity equity). To conceptualize the
intersection of the different dimensions of equity, we refer to pathways, which
identify how equity is constructed, analyzed, and used. Significant findings
show that (1) the interest in equity in infrastructure resilience has
exponentially increased, (2) the majority of studies are in the US and by
extension in the global north, (3) most data collection use descriptive and
open-data and none of the international studies use location-intelligence data.
The most prominent equity conceptualization is distributional equity, such as
the disproportionate impacts to vulnerable populations and spaces. The most
common pathways to study equity connect distributional equity to the
infrastructure's power, water, and transportation in response to flooding and
hurricane storms. Other equity concepts or pathways, such as connections of
equity to decision-making and building household capacity, remain understudied.
Future research directions include quantifying the social costs of
infrastructure disruptions and better integration of equity into resilience
decision-making.Comment: 37 pages, 11 figures, 2 table