221,632 research outputs found
Identifying component modules
A computer-based system for modelling component dependencies and identifying component modules is presented. A variation of the Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM) representation was used to model component dependencies. The system utilises a two-stage approach towards facilitating the identification of a hierarchical modular structure. The first stage calculates a value for a clustering criterion that may be used to group component dependencies together. A Genetic Algorithm is described to optimise the order of the components within the DSM with the focus of minimising the value of the clustering criterion to identify the most significant component groupings (modules) within the product structure. The second stage utilises a 'Module Strength Indicator' (MSI) function to determine a value representative of the degree of modularity of the component groupings. The application of this function to the DSM produces a 'Module Structure Matrix' (MSM) depicting the relative modularity of available component groupings within it. The approach enabled the identification of hierarchical modularity in the product structure without the requirement for any additional domain specific knowledge within the system. The system supports design by providing mechanisms to explicitly represent and utilise component and dependency knowledge to facilitate the nontrivial task of determining near-optimal component modules and representing product modularity
Supporting 'design for reuse' with modular design
Engineering design reuse refers to the utilization of any knowledge gained from the design activity to support future design. As such, engineering design reuse approaches are concerned with the support, exploration, and enhancement of design knowledge prior, during, and after a design activity. Modular design is a product structuring principle whereby products are developed with distinct modules for rapid product development, efficient upgrades, and possible reuse (of the physical modules). The benefits of modular design center on a greater capacity for structuring component parts to better manage the relation between market requirements and the designed product. This study explores the capabilities of modular design principles to provide improved support for the engineering design reuse concept. The correlations between modular design and 'reuse' are highlighted, with the aim of identifying its potential to aid the little-supported process of design for reuse. In fulfilment of this objective the authors not only identify the requirements of design for reuse, but also propose how modular design principles can be extended to support design for reuse
Reading Wikipedia to Answer Open-Domain Questions
This paper proposes to tackle open- domain question answering using Wikipedia
as the unique knowledge source: the answer to any factoid question is a text
span in a Wikipedia article. This task of machine reading at scale combines the
challenges of document retrieval (finding the relevant articles) with that of
machine comprehension of text (identifying the answer spans from those
articles). Our approach combines a search component based on bigram hashing and
TF-IDF matching with a multi-layer recurrent neural network model trained to
detect answers in Wikipedia paragraphs. Our experiments on multiple existing QA
datasets indicate that (1) both modules are highly competitive with respect to
existing counterparts and (2) multitask learning using distant supervision on
their combination is an effective complete system on this challenging task.Comment: ACL2017, 10 page
GO-2D: identifying 2-dimensional cellular-localized functional modules in Gene Ontology
BACKGROUND: Rapid progress in high-throughput biotechnologies (e.g. microarrays) and exponential accumulation of gene functional knowledge make it promising for systematic understanding of complex human diseases at functional modules level. Based on Gene Ontology, a large number of automatic tools have been developed for the functional analysis and biological interpretation of the high-throughput microarray data. RESULTS: Different from the existing tools such as Onto-Express and FatiGO, we develop a tool named GO-2D for identifying 2-dimensional functional modules based on combined GO categories. For example, it refines biological process categories by sorting their genes into different cellular component categories, and then extracts those combined categories enriched with the interesting genes (e.g., the differentially expressed genes) for identifying the cellular-localized functional modules. Applications of GO-2D to the analyses of two human cancer datasets show that very specific disease-relevant processes can be identified by using cellular location information. CONCLUSION: For studying complex human diseases, GO-2D can extract functionally compact and detailed modules such as the cellular-localized ones, characterizing disease-relevant modules in terms of both biological processes and cellular locations. The application results clearly demonstrate that 2-dimensional approach complementary to current 1-dimensional approach is powerful for finding modules highly relevant to diseases
Towards Mass Customized IT Services: Assessing a Method for Identifying Reusable Service Modules and its Implication for IT Service Management
In response to declining prices IT service providers seek to reduce costs by achieving greater economies of scale. The divergent requirements of corporate customers, however, limit the opportunity to achieve scale economies through standardization of services. In response, some outsourcing vendors have embraced a strategy of employing reusable service modules match their clients\u27 needs. Reusable modules create room for standardization on the component level while maintaining the ability of the provider to tailor offerings to individual requirements. In this paper we introduce a method for identifying reusable service modules and demonstrate their application based on case study at a leading European IT Service Provider. The paper discusses the implications of embracing modularization for service offerings and service management
The geometry of finite dimensional algebras with vanishing radical square
Let be a basic finite dimensional algebra over an algebraically
closed field, with the property that the square of the Jacobson radical
vanishes. We determine the irreducible components of the module variety
for any dimension vector . Our description
leads to a count of the components in terms of the underlying Gabriel quiver. A
closed formula for the number of components when is local extends
existing counts for the two-loop quiver to quivers with arbitrary finite sets
of loops.
For any algebra with , our criteria for identifying the
components of permit us to characterize the
modules parametrized by the individual irreducible components. Focusing on such
a component, we explore generic properties of the corresponding modules by
establishing a geometric bridge between the algebras with zero radical square
on one hand and their stably equivalent hereditary counterparts on the other.
The bridge links certain closed subvarieties of Grassmannians parametrizing the
modules with fixed top over the two types of algebras. By way of this
connection, we transfer results of Kac and Schofield from the hereditary case
to algebras of Loewy length . Finally, we use the transit of information to
show that any algebra of Loewy length which enjoys the dense orbit property
in the sense of Chindris, Kinser and Weyman has finite representation type
Feedbacks from the metabolic network to the genetic network reveal regulatory modules in E. coli and B. subtilis
The genetic regulatory network (GRN) plays a key role in controlling the
response of the cell to changes in the environment. Although the structure of
GRNs has been the subject of many studies, their large scale structure in the
light of feedbacks from the metabolic network (MN) has received relatively
little attention. Here we study the causal structure of the GRNs, namely the
chain of influence of one component on the other, taking into account feedback
from the MN. First we consider the GRNs of E. coli and B. subtilis without
feedback from MN and illustrate their causal structure. Next we augment the
GRNs with feedback from their respective MNs by including (a) links from genes
coding for enzymes to metabolites produced or consumed in reactions catalyzed
by those enzymes and (b) links from metabolites to genes coding for
transcription factors whose transcriptional activity the metabolites alter by
binding to them. We find that the inclusion of feedback from MN into GRN
significantly affects its causal structure, in particular the number of levels
and relative positions of nodes in the hierarchy, and the number and size of
the strongly connected components (SCCs). We then study the functional
significance of the SCCs. For this we identify condition specific feedbacks
from the MN into the GRN by retaining only those enzymes that are essential for
growth in specific environmental conditions simulated via the technique of flux
balance analysis (FBA). We find that the SCCs of the GRN augmented by these
feedbacks can be ascribed specific functional roles in the organism. Our
algorithmic approach thus reveals relatively autonomous subsystems with
specific functionality, or regulatory modules in the organism. This automated
approach could be useful in identifying biologically relevant modules in other
organisms for which network data is available, but whose biology is less well
studied.Comment: 15 figure
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