Effective Respiratory Protection for Low Resource Areas

ME450 Capstone Design and Manufacturing Experience: Fall 2020Developed respiratory protection for frontline medical workers in low resource areas facing N95 shortages, specifically Ghana. Ghana is unable to manufacture N95 masks, and they are currently being imported. To navigate this issue, our team worked with local stakeholders including the Ghana Society of Biomedical Engineers. Our team designed a solution that effectively filters COVID-19 particles using local materials at an affordable price. The report includes the team's final design solution of a cloth mask with an inserted N95 filter.Caroline Soyars, College of Engineering Global Health Design Initiative, University of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/164435/1/Effective_Respiratory_Protection_for_Low_Resource_Areas.pd

Reconfigurable and transformational product design concepts and applications : a case study of innovative furniture

Tezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.Multifarious design methods have been developed in engineering and art disciplines in the search of better quality, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, functionality, and novelty. Trans- formational and reconfigurable devices in different fields have become trendier after the 20th century. Customers expect both enhanced performances and reduced complexity level on their products. Compared to static state products with single function amongst furniture product category, the product items with transformational functionality and reconfigurablility possess higher ability for coping different customer needs and expecta- tions. For this case, research and development on innovative, novel product with specific design methodology is essential. In this paper, by reviewing and synthesizing previous research on transformational design and reconfigurable product systems, we carried out the integration of different structures and products, which are from various single state products. These processes are all under the transformational, flexible, reconfigurable design guidelines to obtain the overall function structure of the ideal integrated product.Declaration of Authorship ii Abstract iii Öz iv Acknowledgments vi List of Tables ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Product innovation and design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Research Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 Thesis Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 Background and Literature Review 7 2.1 Design and production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 Engineering design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 Product design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3.1 Universal Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3.2 Design for Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3.2.1 Methodology: assessing product flexibility . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3.3 Transformational Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.3.3.1 Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.3.3.2 Facilitators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.3.4 Design by analogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.3.4.1 Definition of Analogy Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.3.4.2 Analogies Using Nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.3.4.3 Biological Analogies for Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.3.4.4 Types of similarity relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.4 Reconfigurability and Reconfigurable Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.4.1 Reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.4.2 Reconfigurable modular robot machines (RMs) . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.4.3 Reconfigurable product/system design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3 Identification of a case/product need: Case Study 43 3.1 Problem/Case Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.2 The need for integrated product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4 Integrated Product Design-Implementation of Design Methods 49 4.1 Identification of a design problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.1.1 Target product identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.1.2 Customer Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.1.3 Quality Function Development (QFD) Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.2 Analysis and examples of target product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.2.1 Market Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.2.2 New Product Information in current market . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5 Conceptual Design for Integrated Product 70 5.1 Initial Concept Design Ideas for Each Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 5.1.1 Drawer Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 5.1.2 Valet Stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 5.1.3 Coat Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 5.1.4 Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5.2 Generating Product Alternatives (Integration of New Ideas and Prototyping) 83 5.3 Analysis for Integrations (Materials, Cost, Dimension, Weight) . . . . . . 86 5.4 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 6 Results, Conclusion, and Summary 92 6.1 Prototyping, Testing, and Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 6.1.1 Prototype Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 6.1.2 Testing and Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 6.2 Summary and Recommended Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 A Survey Questionnaire 99 Bibliography 10

Device to Perioperatively Regulate Patient Temperature for Low-resources Settings

ME450 Capstone Design and Manufacturing Experience: Fall 2015Under anesthesia, a patient's body loses its ability to regulate temperature, resulting in a core-to-peripheral redistribution of body temperature. This causes perioperative hypothermia, or hypothermia during surgery, which leads to a number of complications, such as increased risk of infection, prolonged recovery, and increased costs to both the patient and hospital. Based on many weeks of needs assessment over summer 2016, secondary public hospitals in the Dominican Republic lack methods for regulating and monitoring patient temperature during surgery, and current solutions on the market are often designed for specific use, require manual control, are not reusable, and are expensive. The prototype described in this journal consists of a underbody warming mattress placed over the operating bed to warm the patient via radiation and conduction, insulating surgical drapes to prevent radiant and convective heat loss, and a PID control system that automates temperature adjustment in response to feedback from non-invasive core body temperature measurement at the tympanic membrane and internal sensors (thermistors) as fail-safes. This project will be continued through M-HEAL, and the team plans to return to the Dominican Republic to network with new and existing stakeholders and gather user feedback on the design.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117346/1/ME450-F15-Project06-FinalReport.pd

Flexible Ultrasound Transducer Fixture

Final report and team photo for Project 21 of ME450, Fall 2010 semester.This project involves developing an automated ultrasound transducer positioning system for blood flow monitoring that does not disrupt patient care, minimizes measurement variability and is operator independent.William Weitzel (Nephrology, U of M); Grant Kruger (Mechanical Engineering, U of M)http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86248/1/ME450 Fall2010 Final Report - Project 21 - Flexible Ultrasound Transducer Fixture.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86248/2/ME450 Fall2010 Team Photo - Project 21 - Flexible Ultrasound Transducer Fixture.jp

Algorithms for Geometric Optimization and Enrichment in Industrialized Building Construction

The burgeoning use of industrialized building construction, coupled with advances in digital technologies, is unlocking new opportunities to improve the status quo of construction projects being over-budget, delayed and having undesirable quality. Yet there are still several objective barriers that need to be overcome in order to fully realize the full potential of these innovations. Analysis of literature and examples from industry reveal the following notable barriers: (1) geometric optimization methods need to be developed for the stricter dimensional requirements in industrialized construction, (2) methods are needed to preserve model semantics during the process of generating an updated as-built model, (3) semantic enrichment methods are required for the end-of-life stage of industrialized buildings, and (4) there is a need to develop pragmatic approaches for algorithms to ensure they achieve required computational efficiency. The common thread across these examples is the need for developing algorithms to optimize and enrich geometric models. To date, a comprehensive approach paired with pragmatic solutions remains elusive. This research fills this gap by presenting a new approach for algorithm development along with pragmatic implementations for the industrialized building construction sector. Computational algorithms are effective for driving the design, analysis, and optimization of geometric models. As such, this thesis develops new computational algorithms for design, fabrication and assembly, onsite construction, and end-of-life stages of industrialized buildings. A common theme throughout this work is the development and comparison of varied algorithmic approaches (i.e., exact vs. approximate solutions) to see which is optimal for a given process. This is implemented in the following ways. First, a probabilistic method is used to simulate the accumulation of dimensional tolerances in order to optimize geometric models during design. Second, a series of exact and approximate algorithms are used to optimize the topology of 2D panelized assemblies to minimize material use during fabrication and assembly. Third, a new approach to automatically update geometric models is developed whereby initial model semantics are preserved during the process of generating an as-built model. Finally, a series of algorithms are developed to semantically enrich geometric models to enable industrialized buildings to be disassembled and reused. The developments made in this research form a rational and pragmatic approach to addressing the existing challenges faced in industrialized building construction. Such developments are shown not only to be effective in improving the status quo in the industry (i.e., improving cost, reducing project duration, and improving quality), but also for facilitating continuous innovation in construction. By way of assessing the potential impact of this work, the proposed algorithms can reduce rework risk during fabrication and assembly (65% rework reduction in the case study for the new tolerance simulation algorithm), reduce waste during manufacturing (11% waste reduction in the case study for the new panel unfolding and nesting algorithms), improve accuracy and automation of as-built model generation (model error reduction from 50.4 mm to 5.7 mm in the case study for the new parametric BIM updating algorithms), reduce lifecycle cost for adapting industrialized buildings (15% reduction in capital costs in the computational building configurator) and reducing lifecycle impacts for reusing structural systems from industrialized buildings (between 54% to 95% reduction in average lifecycle impacts for the approach illustrated in Appendix B). From a computational standpoint, the novelty of the algorithms developed in this research can be described as follows. Complex geometric processes can be codified solely on the innate properties of geometry – that is, by parameterizing geometry and using methods such as combinatorial optimization, topology can be optimized and semantics can be automatically enriched for building assemblies. Employing the use of functional discretization (whereby continuous variable domains are converted into discrete variable domains) is shown to be highly effective for complex geometric optimization approaches. Finally, the algorithms encapsulate and balance the benefits posed by both parametric and non-parametric schemas, resulting in the ability to achieve both high representational accuracy and semantically rich information (which has previously not been achieved or demonstrated). In summary, this thesis makes several key improvements to industrialized building construction. One of the key findings is that rather than pre-emptively determining the best suited algorithm for a given process or problem, it is often more pragmatic to derive both an exact and approximate solution and then decide which is optimal to use for a given process. Generally, most tasks related to optimizing or enriching geometric models is best solved using approximate methods. To this end, this research presents a series of key techniques that can be followed to improve the temporal performance of algorithms. The new approach for developing computational algorithms and the pragmatic demonstrations for geometric optimization and enrichment are expected to bring the industry forward and solve many of the current barriers it faces