Container-based network function virtualization for software-defined networks

Today's enterprise networks almost ubiquitously deploy middlebox services to improve in-network security and performance. Although virtualization of middleboxes attracts a significant attention, studies show that such implementations are still proprietary and deployed in a static manner at the boundaries of organisations, hindering open innovation. In this paper, we present an open framework to create, deploy and manage virtual network functions (NF)s in OpenFlow-enabled networks. We exploit container-based NFs to achieve low performance overhead, fast deployment and high reusability missing from today's NFV deployments. Through an SDN northbound API, NFs can be instantiated, traffic can be steered through the desired policy chain and applications can raise notifications. We demonstrate the systems operation through the development of exemplar NFs from common Operating System utility binaries, and we show that container-based NFV improves function instantiation time by up to 68% over existing hypervisor-based alternatives, and scales to one hundred co-located NFs while incurring sub-millisecond latency

Adaptation de contexte basée sur la qualité d'expérience dans les réseaux internet du futur

Pour avoir une idée sur la qualité du réseau, la majorité des acteurs concernés (opérateurs réseau, fournisseurs de service) se basent sur la Qualité de Service (Quality of Service). Cette mesure a montré des limites et beaucoup d efforts ont été déployés pour mettre en place une nouvelle métrique qui reflète, de façon plus précise, la qualité du service offert. Cette mesure s appelle la qualité d expérience (Quality of Experience). La qualité d expérience reflète la satisfaction de l utilisateur par rapport au service qu il utilise. L évaluation de la qualité d expérience est devenue primordiale pour les fournisseurs de services et les fournisseurs de contenus. Cette nécessité nous a poussés à innover et mettre en place des nouvelles méthodes pour estimer la QoE. Dans cette thèse, nous travaillons sur l estimation de la QoE dans le cas des communications Voix sur IP et dans le cas de la vidéo sur IP. Nous étudions les performances et la qualité des codecs iLBC, Speex et Silk pour la VoIP et les codecs MPEG-2 et H.264/SVC pour la vidéo sur IP. Nous étudions l impact que peut avoir la majorité des paramètres réseaux, des paramètres sources (au niveau du codage) et destinations (au niveau du décodage) sur la qualité finale. Afin de mettre en place des outils précis d estimation de la QoE en temps réel, nous nous basons sur la méthodologie Pseudo-Subjective Quality Assessment. La méthodologie PSQA est basée sur un modèle mathématique appelé les réseaux de neurones artificiels. En plus des réseaux de neurones, nous utilisons la régression polynomiale pour l estimation de la QoE dans le cas de la VoIP.Quality of Experience (QoE) is the key criteria for evaluating the Media Services. Unlike objective Quality of Service (QoS) metrics, QoE is more accurate to reflect the user experience. The Future of Internet is definitely going to be Media oriented. Towards this, there is a profound need for an efficient measure of the Quality of Experience (QoE). QoE will become the prominent metric to consider when deploying Networked Media services. In this thesis, we provide several methods to estimate the QoE of different media services: Voice and Video over IP. We study the performance and the quality of several VoIP codecs like iLBC, Speex and Silk. Based on this study, we proposed two methods to estimate the QoE in real-time context, without any need of information of the original voice sequence. The first method is based on polynomial regression, and the second one is based on an hybrid methodology (objective and subjective) called Pseudo-Subjective Quality Assessment. PSQA is based on the artificial neural network mathematical model. As for the VoIP, we propose also a tool to estimate video quality encoded with MPEG-2 and with H.264/SVC. We studied also the impact of several network parameters on the quality, and the impact of some encoding parameters on the SVC video quality. We tested also the performance of several SVC encoders and proposed some SVC encoding recommendations.RENNES1-Bibl. électronique (352382106) / SudocSudocFranceF

Increasing service visibility for future, softwarised air traffic management data networks

Air Traffic Management (ATM) is at an exciting frontier. The volume of air traffic is reaching the safe limits of current infrastructure. Yet, demand for more air traffic continues. To meet capacity demands, ATM data networks are increasing in complexity with: greater infrastructure integration, higher availability and precision of services; and the introduction of unmanned systems. Official recommendations into previous disruptive outages have high-lighted the need for operators to have richer monitoring capabilities and operational systems visibility, on-demand, in response to challenges. The work presented in this thesis, helps ATM operators better understand and increase visibility into the behaviour of their services and infrastructure, with the primary aim to inform decision-making to reduce service disruption. This is achieved by combining a container-based NFV framework with Software- Defined Networking (SDN). The application of SDN+NFV in this work allows lightweight, chain-able monitoring and anomaly detection functions to be deployed on-demand, and the appropriate (sub)set of network traffic routed through these virtual network functions to provide timely, context-specific information. This container-based function deployment architecture, allows for punctual in-network processing through the instantiation of custom functionality, at appropriate locations. When accidents do occur, such as the crash of a UAV, the lessons learnt should be integrated into future systems. For one such incident, the accident investigation identified a telemetry precursor an hour prior. The function deployment architecture allows operators to extend and adapt their network infrastructure, to incorporate the latest monitoring recommendations. Furthermore, this work has examined relationships in application-level information and network layer data representing individual examples of a wide range of generalisable cases including: between the cyber and physical components of surveillance data, the rate of change in telemetry to determine abnormal aircraft surface movements, and the emerging behaviour of network flooding. Each of these examples provide valuable context-specific benefits to operators and a generalised basis from which further tools can be developed to enhance their understanding of their networks

Um modelo distribuído de armazenamento hierárquico de conhecimento médico

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento, Florianópolis, 2013.O advento da disseminação e consolidação dos sistemas computacionais, como ferramentas de apoio aos mais variados tipos de negócios, criou uma dependência dos usuários em geral, em armazenar mais e mais seus dados. Atualmente é inquestionável a necessidade de registros anteriores de transações dos usuários em sistemas operacionais. Esta necessidade vai, por exemplo, desde a recuperação de um e-mail de anos anteriores, passando por registros de transações bancárias legadas, indo até prontuários eletrônicos. Com esta crescente demanda de armazenamento de dados, informações e conhecimento, para os mais variados nichos da Indústria e da Ciência em geral, criou um interessante espaço para pesquisa e desenvolvimento de formas alternativas para a persistência de longo prazo em sistemas computacionais. Na área médica, esta premissa é ainda mais verdadeira, pois todos os dias, centenas de milhares de pacientes ao redor do mundo, realizam exames médicos baseados em imagens, buscando auxílio para o diagnóstico dos mais variados tipos de doenças. As formas de persistência de dados que atualmente são utilizadas na área médica, em sua grande maioria, se apoiam no paradigma relacional, que geralmente suportam os sistemas de informação ou conhecimento que estão nos hospitais e clínicas médicas. Neste sentido, esta tese propôs um novo modelo de armazenamento para sistemas médicos baseados em imagens. Este modelo foi concebido a partir de um paradigma hierárquico, seguindo o padrão para imagens médicas internacionalmente reconhecido (DICOM), o que além de representar os dados de uma forma mais natural, simplifica o processo de busca e recuperação. Ao final dos experimentos e das etapas de análises dos resultados, o modelo proposto mostrou ter um desempenho mais eficiente no geral, se comparado ao modelo atual, utilizando bancos de dados relacionais.Abstract : The advent of the spread and consolidation of computer systems as tools supporting various kinds of business, created a dependence on general users to store more and more data. Currently there is an unquestionable need for previous records of user transactions in computer systems. This will need, for example, from the restore of an e-mail in previous years, going through records of bank transactions legacy, going to electronic records. With this increasing demand for data storage, information and knowledge for various niches of Science and Industry in general has created an interesting space for research and development of alternative forms for the persistence of long-term computer systems. In the medical field, this premise is even more true because every day, hundreds of thousands of patients around the world, conduct medical examinations based on images, seeking aid for the diagnosis of various types of diseases. Forms of data persistence that are currently used in the medical field, mostly, rely on the relational paradigm, which generally support information systems and knowledge that are in hospitals and medical clinics. In this sense, this thesis proposes a new storage model for systems -based medical images. This model was designed from a hierarchical paradigm, following the standard for internationally recognized medical images (DICOM), which also represents the data in a more natural, simplifies the process of search and retrieval. At the end of experiments and after the stages of analysis of the results, the proposed model has shown a better performance when compared to the current model, using relational databases