Temporal and Spatial Classification of Active IPv6 Addresses

There is striking volume of World-Wide Web activity on IPv6 today. In early 2015, one large Content Distribution Network handles 50 billion IPv6 requests per day from hundreds of millions of IPv6 client addresses; billions of unique client addresses are observed per month. Address counts, however, obscure the number of hosts with IPv6 connectivity to the global Internet. There are numerous address assignment and subnetting options in use; privacy addresses and dynamic subnet pools significantly inflate the number of active IPv6 addresses. As the IPv6 address space is vast, it is infeasible to comprehensively probe every possible unicast IPv6 address. Thus, to survey the characteristics of IPv6 addressing, we perform a year-long passive measurement study, analyzing the IPv6 addresses gleaned from activity logs for all clients accessing a global CDN. The goal of our work is to develop flexible classification and measurement methods for IPv6, motivated by the fact that its addresses are not merely more numerous; they are different in kind. We introduce the notion of classifying addresses and prefixes in two ways: (1) temporally, according to their instances of activity to discern which addresses can be considered stable; (2) spatially, according to the density or sparsity of aggregates in which active addresses reside. We present measurement and classification results numerically and visually that: provide details on IPv6 address use and structure in global operation across the past year; establish the efficacy of our classification methods; and demonstrate that such classification can clarify dimensions of the Internet that otherwise appear quite blurred by current IPv6 addressing practices

Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 Network in IoT Security Based Upon Transition Methods

While deployments of IPv6 networks have increased over recent years, especially in IoT Paradigm. Today there are two types of internet protocol versions that are currently working in the global internet to transfer data from one electronic device to another.IPv4 which consists of 32 bits long addresses and IPv6 which consists of 128bits long addresses which is more effective as it can handle billions of devices and can assign each device different IP address. This paper will present an overview of the main migration technologies that can be used to transition from an IPv4 network to an IPv6 network, this paper will also research on finding and comparing the effects of IPv6 transition methods such as Dual Stack, Tunneling and Network Address Translation-Protocol Translation will be compared on variant parameters to find the best performing transition method in IoT Network in terms of security

Analyzing challenging aspects of IPv6 over IPv4

The exponential expansion of the Internet has exhausted the IPv4 addresses provided by IANA. The new IP edition, i.e. IPv6 introduced by IETF with new features such as a simplified packet header, a greater address space, a different address sort, improved encryption, powerful section routing, and stronger QoS. ISPs are slowly seeking to migrate from current IPv4 physical networks to new generation IPv6 networks. ‎The move from actual IPv4 to software-based IPv6 is very sluggish, since billions of computers across the globe use IPv4 addresses. The configuration and actions of IP4 and IPv6 protocols are distinct. Direct correspondence between IPv4 and IPv6 is also not feasible. In terms of the incompatibility problems, all protocols can co-exist throughout the transformation for a few years. Compatibility, interoperability, and stability are key concerns between IP4 and IPv6 protocols. After the conversion of the network through an IPv6, the move causes several issues for ISPs. The key challenges faced by ISPs are packet traversing, routing scalability, performance reliability, and protection. Within this study, we meticulously analyzed a detailed overview of all aforementioned issues during switching into ipv6 network

Responsibility and non-repudiation in resource-constrained Internet of Things scenarios

The proliferation and popularity of smart autonomous systems necessitates the development of methods and models for ensuring the effective identification of their owners and controllers. The aim of this paper is to critically discuss the responsibility of Things and their impact on human affairs. This starts with an in-depth analysis of IoT Characteristics such as Autonomy, Ubiquity and Pervasiveness. We argue that Things governed by a controller should have an identifiable relationship between the two parties and that authentication and non-repudiation are essential characteristics in all IoT scenarios which require trustworthy communications. However, resources can be a problem, for instance, many Things are designed to perform in low-powered hardware. Hence, we also propose a protocol to demonstrate how we can achieve the authenticity of participating Things in a connectionless and resource-constrained environment

IP addressing, transition and security in 5G networks

The number of devices on the Internet is always increasing and there is need for reliable IP addressing. 5G network will be built on two main technologies; SDN and NFV which will make it elastic and agile compared to its predecessors. Elasticity will ensure that additional devices can always be added to the network. IPv4 addresses are already depleted and cannot support the expansion of the Internet to ensure the realization of future networks. IPv6 addressing has been proposed to support 5G networking because of the sufficient number of addresses that the protocol provides. However, IPv4 addressing will still be used concurrently with IPv6 addressing in networks until they become fully IPv6 based. The structure of IPv4 header is different from IPv6 header hence the two protocols are incompatible. There is need for seamless intercommunication between devices running IPv4 and IPv6 in future networks. Three technologies namely; Dual Stack, Tunneling and Translation have been proposed to ensure that there is smooth transition from IPv4 to IPv6 protocol. This dissertation demonstrates Tunneling of IPv6 over IPv4. Also, this research work reviews network security threats of past networks that are likely to be experienced in 5G networks. To counter them, reliable IP security strategies used in current networks are proposed for use in next generation networks. This dissertation evaluates and analyzes IPv4, IPv6 network and Tunneling models in an SDN network environment. The performance of an IPv4 only network is compared to the IPv6 only network. Also, devices addressed with both protocols are connected. The results obtained illustrate that IPv4 and IPv6 devices can effectively communicate in a 5G network environment. In addition, a tunnel is used to run IPv6 protocol over an IPv4 network. The devices on both ends of the tunnel could communicate with each other effectively