Prediction model of alcohol intoxication from facial temperature dynamics based on K-means clustering driven by evolutionary computing

Alcohol intoxication is a significant phenomenon, affecting many social areas, including work procedures or car driving. Alcohol causes certain side effects including changing the facial thermal distribution, which may enable the contactless identification and classification of alcohol-intoxicated people. We adopted a multiregional segmentation procedure to identify and classify symmetrical facial features, which reliably reflects the facial-temperature variations while subjects are drinking alcohol. Such a model can objectively track alcohol intoxication in the form of a facial temperature map. In our paper, we propose the segmentation model based on the clustering algorithm, which is driven by the modified version of the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) evolutionary optimization with the goal of facial temperature features extraction from the IR (infrared radiation) images. This model allows for a definition of symmetric clusters, identifying facial temperature structures corresponding with intoxication. The ABC algorithm serves as an optimization process for an optimal cluster's distribution to the clustering method the best approximate individual areas linked with gradual alcohol intoxication. In our analysis, we analyzed a set of twenty volunteers, who had IR images taken to reflect the process of alcohol intoxication. The proposed method was represented by multiregional segmentation, allowing for classification of the individual spatial temperature areas into segmentation classes. The proposed method, besides single IR image modelling, allows for dynamical tracking of the alcohol-temperature features within a process of intoxication, from the sober state up to the maximum observed intoxication level.Web of Science118art. no. 99

Self injection of Dichlorvos, an Organophosphorus Compound

We report two patients who injected themselves a strong organophosphate compound, dichlorvas, and showed the typical clinical picture of organophosphate intoxication. There are very few case reports of parenteral organophosphorous poisoning. With the appropriate therapy, their symptoms disappeared in a few days. The cases are reported because of unusual and interesting way of intoxication

Characteristic of Individual Indicators of Endogenous Intoxication in the Experimental Asthma Dynamics and Their Correction by Thiotriasolin

The aim of this work was to find out the specifics of changes in endogenous intoxication, middle mass molecules (MMM) and erythrocyte intoxication index (EII) in the blood of animals for experimental asthma in different periods of its development and to correct them by thiotriazolin.Material and methods. Researches were carried out on 72 Guinea-pigs (males), which were divided into 6 groups for 12 animals in each of them. The last sixth group included animals that were treated by thiotriazolin. The drug thiotriazolin rate of 100 mg / kg intramuscularly since 23rd day of the experiment for 10 days was administered in the animals of sixth group. Experimental model of bronchial asthma was restored on Guinea-pigs by the V.I. Babych method (1979). In all groups of animals there were determined the middle mass molecules concentration in blood in the wave of 254 nm by I.A.Volchehorskiy, D.A.Dyatlova, E.I. Lvovska and others methods and EII by V.K. Kazymyrko V.I. Maltsev methods. Numerical results were adapted with static method using Student\u27s criteria.Results of the research. The highest level of endogenous intoxication in the blood was in the fifth group of Guinea pigs with asthma (33rd day), indicating the direct dependence of the antigenic effect on their severity. Using of the thiotriazolin within 10 days (from 23rd to 33rd day) caused the decrease of the MMM254 concentration and EII in serum compared with a group of Guinea pigs, that were not entered the medicine. It approved its treating effect.Conclusions. So, the research of middle mass molecules and erythrocyte intoxication index indicators in different periods of experimental asthma showed their gradual increase in serum of Guinea pigs with the greatest severity in 33rd day of the experiment. It might indicate the development of endogenous intoxication animals. But the using of thiotriazolin caused the decreasing of these indicators. That gives a reason to state its positive effect on some markers of endogenous intoxication and feasibility of further researches

Transcriptional cellular responses in midgut tissue of Aedes aegypti larvae following intoxication with Cry11Aa toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis.

BackgroundAlthough much is known about the mechanism of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins, the target tissue cellular responses to toxin activity is less understood. Previous transcriptomic studies indicated that significant changes in gene expression occurred during intoxication. However, most of these studies were done in organisms without a sequenced and annotated reference genome. A reference genome and transcriptome is available for the mosquito Aedes aegypti, and its importance as a disease vector has positioned its biological control as a primary health concern. Through RNA sequencing we sought to determine the transcriptional changes observed during intoxication by Cry11Aa in A. aegypti and to analyze possible defense and recovery mechanisms engaged after toxin ingestion.ResultsIn this work the changes in the transcriptome of 4(th) instar A. aegypti larvae exposed to Cry11Aa toxin for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h were analyzed. A total of 1060 differentially expressed genes after toxin ingestion were identified with two bioconductoR packages: DESeq2 and EdgeR. The most important transcriptional changes were observed after 9 or 12 h of toxin exposure. GO enrichment analysis of molecular function and biological process were performed as well as Interpro protein functional domains and pBLAST analyses. Up regulated processes include vesicular trafficking, small GTPase signaling, MAPK pathways, and lipid metabolism. In contrast, down regulated functions are related to transmembrane transport, detoxification mechanisms, cell proliferation and metabolism enzymes. Validation with RT-qPCR showed large agreement with Cry11Aa intoxication since these changes were not observed with untreated larvae or larvae treated with non-toxic Cry11Aa mutants, indicating that a fully functional pore forming Cry toxin is required for the observed transcriptional responses.ConclusionsThis study presents the first transcriptome of Cry intoxication response in a fully sequenced insect, and reveals possible conserved cellular processes that enable larvae to contend with Cry intoxication in the disease vector A. aegypti. We found some similarities of the mosquito responses to Cry11Aa toxin with previously observed responses to other Cry toxins in different insect orders and in nematodes suggesting a conserved response to pore forming toxins. Surprisingly some of these responses also correlate with transcriptional changes observed in Bti-resistant and Cry11Aa-resistant mosquito larvae

Personality and behavioral factors related to drink-driving among young males : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University

The study aimed to replicate the findings of research which highlighted a number of personality and behavioural variables that effect an individuals drink-driving frequency, and intoxication level while driving. These variables are aggression, sensation seeking, self-rated driving style and skill, driving related anger, and alcohol consumption. The studies sample (N = 129) was made up entirely of 20 - 24 year old males. This group has been shown to drink-drive more frequently than any other age group in New Zealand, and males drink-drive significantly more than females. Results showed that physical aggression, verbal aggression, alcohol consumption and risky driving style were correlated with drink-driving intoxication level. However, once a regression analysis was employed it was discovered that only alcohol consumption level had significant predictive validity in relation to drink-driving intoxication level. The more a participant drank the more likely they were to drive when drunk. Overall, the results tend to question how much impact the personality variables studied really have on the frequency of drink-driving. Assumptions in relation to the findings, and implications future research on factors effecting drink-driving, are also discussed

Grayanotoxin I Intoxication in Pet Pigs

Contaminated honey is a common cause of grayanotoxin intoxication in humans. Intoxication of animals, especially cattle, is usually due to ingestion of plants of the Ericaceae family, such as Rhododendron. Here, we report the ingestion of Pieris japonica as the cause of grayanotoxin I intoxication in 2 miniature pigs that were kept as pets. The pigs showed sudden onset of pale oral mucosa, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypersalivation, tremor, and ataxia that progressed to lateral recumbency. The pathological examination of one pig revealed no specific indications for intoxication except for the finding of plant material of Pieris japonica in the intestine. Grayanotoxin I was identified in the ingested plant, gastric content, blood, liver, bile, kidney, urine, lung, and skeletal muscle via HPLC-MS/MS. Grayanotoxin I should be considered as a differential etiological diagnosis in pigs with unspecific signs and discovery of ingested plant material as the only indication in the pathologic examination

Epidemiological study of drug intoxication in children

Unintentional drug intoxication is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. In order to study the epidemiological pattern of childhood drug poisoning in Golestan province, all cases diagnosed with poisoning from 1997 to 2002 in the only pediatric hospital in province were recruited. During this period 563 cases of poisoned children were hospitalized in Taleqani hospital, of these 305 cases were due to drug poisoning. Opium was responsible for more than half of the poisoning cases, and 91% of deaths, among drug intoxicated children. Metoclopramide, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants were among the other frequent causes of poisoning. Neurological symptoms were the most prominent symptoms of poisoning and more than 80% of cases showed some neurological symptoms. Mortality rate among the cases was 3.6% and of total of 11 deaths, 10 were poisoned with opium. About 61% of cases were hospitalized between 24-48 hrs. Most of the poisoning cases in young children were unintentional and in many cases, their parents played a critical role in their intoxication. This role specially is crucial in infants and children under one year of age. Parents in Golestan province use opium widely for symptomatic treatment of routine illnesses in their young children and overdose of opium may cause severe intoxication and even death of the child. © 2006 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

The effect of Eck and reverse Eck fistula in dogs with experimental diabetes mellitus

1. 1. Dogs with alloxan diabetes were subjected to Eck fistula. This procedure produced a marked increase in the amount of insulin necessary to control glycosuria. When the dogs were fasted, glycosuria disappeared, blood sugars fell toward normal, and the need for insulin was eliminated. 2. 2. Reverse Eck fistula was created in dogs with alloxan diabetes, and resulted in minor increases of doubtful significance in daily insulin requirement. When fasted, the blood sugar of these animals remained elevated and glycosuria continued. 3. 3. Nondiabetic dogs with Eck fistula all died of meat intoxication. Dogs with Eck fistula plus diabetes had no evidence of meat intoxication and in general were in better health than dogs with Eck fistula alone. 4. 4. Possible mechanisms of the role of Eck fistula in the alteration of the diabetic state are discussed. © 1959